{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T09:29:01Z","timestamp":1793438941068,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,24]],"date-time":"2023-01-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1674518400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002347","name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["01KI1721D"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["01KI1721D"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002347","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002347","name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["01KI1721H"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["01KI1721H"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002347","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002347","name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["01KI1721B"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["01KI1721B"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002347","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Zoonoses and Public Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Between June and August 2014, 45 cases of leptospirosis were notified among workers on two strawberry farms in North\u2010West Germany. We describe the characteristics of the outbreak and the actions taken to prevent further cases. The activities of the local, federal and national public health and veterinary authorities included collection of case data, laboratory testing of human specimens and of small mammals trapped on the fields, investigation of weather data, as well as information provided to farmers, field workers, physicians and to the authorities in Poland and Romania. Of the 45 identified cases (median age 22, 60% male), 47% were hospitalized. Characteristic symptoms were fever \u226538.5\u00b0C, generalized muscle pain and an increase in renal or liver enzymes. Thirteen cases were laboratory confirmed by serological and\/or molecular methods. ELISA tests for Leptospira IgG and IgM\u2010antibodies were positive in those samples taken &gt;5\u2009days after hospitalization. The probable causative agent was identified as\n                    <jats:italic>Leptospira kirschneri<\/jats:italic>\n                    serovar Grippotyphosa.\n                    <jats:italic>Leptospira<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010specific DNA was found in kidneys of 67% of 64 trapped small mammals and was further identified as\n                    <jats:italic>Leptospira kirschneri<\/jats:italic>\n                    multi locus sequence type 110. During the estimated time period of human infections, the affected region faced warm weather with heavy rainfalls. The results of this investigation are in accordance with the theory of a chain of infection from mice to field workers during warm and humid weather. In 2015, a campaign was initiated to inform physicians, farmers and workers to enhance prevention measures, such as the use of personal protective equipment and early consultation of physicians in case of illness. Since then, no further outbreak occurred.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/zph.13027","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,24]],"date-time":"2023-01-24T06:49:11Z","timestamp":1674542951000},"page":"315-326","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Investigation and response to a large outbreak of leptospirosis in field workers in Lower Saxony, Germany"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"70","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3382-495X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Johannes","family":"Dreesman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health Agency of Lower Saxony  Hanover Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Salla","family":"Toikkanen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health Agency of Lower Saxony  Hanover Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Runge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lower Saxony State Office for Consumer Protection and Food Safety  Oldenburg\/Hanover Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leonhard","family":"Hamschmidt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Landkreis Oldenburg Public Health Department  Wildeshausen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Berthold","family":"L\u00fcsse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Landkreis Oldenburg Public Health Department  Wildeshausen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jona F.","family":"Freise","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lower Saxony State Office for Consumer Protection and Food Safety  Oldenburg\/Hanover Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joachim","family":"Ehlers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lower Saxony State Office for Consumer Protection and Food Safety  Oldenburg\/Hanover Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karsten","family":"N\u00f6ckler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal Institute for Risk Assessment  Berlin Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carolin","family":"Knorr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lower Saxony State Office for Consumer Protection and Food Safety  Oldenburg\/Hanover Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barbara","family":"Keller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lower Saxony State Office for Consumer Protection and Food Safety  Oldenburg\/Hanover Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne","family":"Mayer\u2010Scholl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal Institute for Risk Assessment  Berlin Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-662-45059-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.01190\u201017"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0001954"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471\u20102334\u201010\u201091"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40064\u2010016\u20103483\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/597036"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00103\u2010014\u20102023\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","unstructured":"ECDC \u2010 European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. (2018).Factsheet about leptospirosis.https:\/\/ecdc.europa.eu\/en\/leptospirosis\/factsheet"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17219\/acem\/62022"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2017.2140"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1903.111260"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0934-8840(11)80445-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/CCDM.2745"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","volume-title":"Gesetz zur Verh\u00fctung und Bek\u00e4mpfung von Infektionskrankheiten beim Menschen (Infektionsschutzgesetz \u2010 IfSG); und Verordnung \u00fcber die Qualit\u00e4t von Wasser f\u00fcr den menschlichen Gebrauch (Trinwasserverordnung \u2010 TrinkwV). 8. Auflage","author":"H\u00f6hl N.","year":"2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1107.041172"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/zph.12652"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","volume-title":"Leptospiren und Leptospirosen","author":"Kathe J.","year":"1967"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00284\u2010010\u20109829\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","first-page":"345","article-title":"The epidemiology of field fever in the foothills of Lower Saxony","volume":"144","author":"Popp L.","year":"1960","journal-title":"Archiv f\u00fcr Hygiene und Bakteriologie"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","unstructured":"Robert Koch\u2010Institute. (2021).SurvStat@RKI 2.0.https:\/\/survstat.rki.de\/"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmm.2015.08.029"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofv102"},{"key":"#cr-split#-e_1_2_10_24_1.1","unstructured":"The European Commission. (2018).Commission Implementing Decision"},{"key":"#cr-split#-e_1_2_10_24_1.2","unstructured":"(EU) 2018\/945 of 22 June 2018 on the communicable diseases and related special health issues to be covered by epidemiological surveillance as well as relevant case definitions. (OJ L170 pp. 1-74)."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0002752"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","volume-title":"Human leptospirosis: Guidance for diagnosis, surveillance and control. 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