{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,11]],"date-time":"2026-10-11T21:51:59Z","timestamp":1791755519622,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,2]],"date-time":"2023-04-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1680393600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008771","name":"Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008771","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Zoonoses and Public Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Avian chlamydiosis is an acute or chronic bacterial disease of birds. <jats:italic>Chlamydia psittaci<\/jats:italic> is the primary agent of the disease. It is also an important zoonotic pathogen. <jats:italic>Chlamydia avium<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Chlamydia gallinacea<\/jats:italic> have also been recognized as potential causative agents of the disease. Clinical signs of this disease can vary in severity. Asymptomatic infections of <jats:italic>Chlamydia<\/jats:italic> have commonly been reported in various birds worldwide. In this study, we investigated the distribution of <jats:italic>Chlamydia<\/jats:italic> species in healthy psittacine birds in Korea. A total of 263 samples (pharyngeal\/cloacal swabs and faeces) were collected from psittacine birds of 26 species in five zoos, five parrot farms and seven parrot cafes between 2020 and 2021. Ages of these birds had a wide range (1\u2009month to 30\u2009years). During sample collection, no bird showed any clinical signs indicating diseases such as chlamydiosis. Samples were tested for the presence of <jats:italic>Chlamydia<\/jats:italic> spp. using real\u2010time PCR assays. <jats:italic>Chlamydia<\/jats:italic> spp. were detected in 168 (63.9%) samples and <jats:italic>C. psittaci<\/jats:italic> was detected in 96 (36.5%) samples. However, <jats:italic>C. avium<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>C. gallinacea<\/jats:italic> were not detected. There were no significant differences in the prevalence of asymptomatic infections in birds among three types of housing environments. Regarding <jats:italic>ompA<\/jats:italic> genotypes, 87 <jats:italic>C. psittaci<\/jats:italic>\u2010positive samples had genotype A based on sequence analysis (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200928) and genotype\u2010specific real\u2010time PCR (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200959). Other positive samples were untyped (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20099). Overall findings showed high prevalence of asymptomatic infections of <jats:italic>C. psittaci<\/jats:italic> in psittacine birds in Korea, posing a significant hazard to public health.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/zph.13039","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,3]],"date-time":"2023-04-03T05:15:36Z","timestamp":1680498936000},"page":"451-458","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Prevalence of asymptomatic infections of <i>Chlamydia psittaci<\/i> in psittacine birds in Korea"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"70","author":[{"given":"Hye\u2010Jin","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency  Gimcheon\u2010si Gyeongsangbuk\u2010do Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"O\u2010Mi","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency  Gimcheon\u2010si 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Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Min\u2010Su","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency  Gimcheon\u2010si Gyeongsangbuk\u2010do 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