{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]],"date-time":"2026-01-23T22:35:55Z","timestamp":1769207755882,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,11]],"date-time":"2023-05-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1683763200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Zoonoses and Public Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Periodic vaccination against rabies is essential for individuals at continuing risk of rabies exposure. There is limited evidence on long\u2010term immunogenicity after a 3\u2010dose intramuscular (3IM) pre\u2010exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) and single IM booster dose, thus current guideline recommendations differ in the interval for serology tests following PrEP and boosters. This study investigated post\u2010PrEP and post\u2010booster persistence of antibodies in Australian bat carers. Bat carers who received 3IM PrEP\/booster doses and had post\u2010PrEP\/booster serology test results were included. The proportion of antibody\u2010negative (&lt;0.5 EU\/mL) individuals after PrEP\/booster dose were examined. Three hundred and five participants (65.6% females, median age at PrEP 43.1\u2009years) were included. The proportion who were antibody\u2010negative varied depending on the time between 3IM PrEP and the serology test: 8.0% &lt;1\u2009year, 29.8% 1\u20132\u2009years, 21.2% 2\u20133\u2009years and 7.7% &gt;3\u2009years. Ninety\u2010one participants receiving booster doses were further assessed. Only one participant was antibody\u2010negative at &gt;3\u2009years after receiving one IM booster dose. Our findings support that a serology test should be performed 1\u2009year after 3IM PrEP, followed by first booster if required. Rabies antibodies persist for many years after receiving the booster doses. The interval between subsequent serology tests and the first booster dose should be no longer than 3\u2009years. Future studies are required to provide more insight into the most appropriate timing of subsequent boosters.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/zph.13048","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,12]],"date-time":"2023-05-12T04:34:39Z","timestamp":1683866079000},"page":"465-472","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Immune response after rabies pre\u2010exposure prophylaxis and a booster dose in Australian bat carers"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"70","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2445-0420","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yihan","family":"Guo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine The University of Queensland  Herston Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0282-0136","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Deborah J.","family":"Mills","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dr Deb The Travel Doctor Travel Medicine Alliance  Brisbane Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8288-4169","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Colleen L.","family":"Lau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dr Deb The Travel Doctor Travel Medicine Alliance  Brisbane Australia"},{"name":"School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine The University of Queensland  Herston Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christine","family":"Mills","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dr Deb The Travel Doctor Travel Medicine Alliance  Brisbane Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4337-9757","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luis","family":"Furuya\u2010Kanamori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine The University of Queensland  Herston Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","unstructured":"Department of Health and Aged Care. 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