{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T18:55:41Z","timestamp":1774378541993,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,14]],"date-time":"2023-06-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1686700800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Zoonoses and Public Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Seal populations in Canadian waters provide sustenance to coastal communities. There is potential for pathogenic and\/or antimicrobial\u2010resistant bacteria to transfer to humans through inadvertent faecal contamination of seal products. The objective of this study was to investigate the occurrence and potential antimicrobial resistance of <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic> spp., <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Listeria monocytogenes<\/jats:italic> in faecal samples collected from grey seals (<jats:italic>Halichoerus grypus<\/jats:italic>) in the Gulf of St. Lawrence and from ringed seals (<jats:italic>Pusa hispida<\/jats:italic>) in Frobisher Bay and Eclipse Sound, Nunavut, Canada. Grey seals were harvested during commercial hunts or during scientific sampling; ringed seals were collected by Inuit hunters during subsistence harvests. Virulence genes defining pathogenic <jats:italic>E.\u2009coli<\/jats:italic> were identified by PCR, and antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed on recovered isolates. In grey seals, <jats:italic>E.\u2009coli<\/jats:italic> was detected in 34\/44 (77%) samples, and pathogenic <jats:italic>E.\u2009coli<\/jats:italic> (extraintestinal <jats:italic>E.\u2009coli<\/jats:italic> [ExPEC], enteropathogenic <jats:italic>E.\u2009coli<\/jats:italic> [EPEC] or ExPEC\/EPEC) was detected in 13\/44 (29%) samples. Non\u2010susceptibility to beta\u2010lactams and quinolones was observed in isolates from 18 grey seals. In ringed seals from Frobisher Bay, <jats:italic>E.\u2009coli<\/jats:italic> was detected in 4\/45 (9%) samples; neither virulence genes nor antimicrobial resistance was detected in these isolates. In ringed seals from Eclipse Sound, <jats:italic>E.\u2009coli<\/jats:italic> was detected in 8\/50 (16%) samples and pathogenic <jats:italic>E.\u2009coli<\/jats:italic> (ExPEC and ExPEC\/EPEC) in 5\/50 (10%) samples. One seal from Eclipse Sound had an <jats:italic>E.\u2009coli<\/jats:italic> isolate resistant to beta\u2010lactams. A monophasic <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic> Typhimurium was recovered from 8\/50 (16%) seals from Eclipse Sound. All <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic> isolates were resistant to ampicillin, streptomycin, sulfisoxazole and tetracycline. <jats:italic>L.\u2009monocytogenes<\/jats:italic> was not detected in any sample. These findings suggest that seals may act as important sentinel species and as reservoirs or vectors for antimicrobial\u2010resistant and virulent <jats:italic>E.\u2009coli<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic> species. Further characterization of these isolates would provide additional insights into the source and spread of antimicrobial resistance and virulence genes in these populations of free\u2010living seals.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/zph.13064","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,15]],"date-time":"2023-06-15T04:35:46Z","timestamp":1686803746000},"page":"542-554","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Occurrence and antimicrobial resistance of <i>Salmonella<\/i> species and potentially pathogenic <i>Escherichia coli<\/i> in free\u2010living seals of Canadian Atlantic and eastern Arctic waters"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"70","author":[{"given":"Matthew E.","family":"Saab","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Diagnostic Services, Atlantic Veterinary College University of Prince Edward Island  Charlottetown Prince Edward Island Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ghyslaine","family":"Vanier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"WOAH Reference Laboratory for Escherichia coli, Facult\u00e9 de m\u00e9decine v\u00e9t\u00e9rinaire Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al  Saint\u2010Hyacinthe Quebec Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Enooyaq","family":"Sudlovenick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Atlantic Veterinary College University of Prince Edward Island  Charlottetown Prince Edward Island Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ashley Lora","family":"Powell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diagnostic Services, Atlantic Veterinary College University of Prince Edward Island  Charlottetown Prince Edward Island Canada"},{"name":"Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Atlantic Veterinary College University of Prince Edward Island  Charlottetown Prince Edward Island Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Simonee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pond Inlet Nunavut Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gabriel","family":"Desmarais","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"WOAH Reference Laboratory for Escherichia coli, Facult\u00e9 de m\u00e9decine v\u00e9t\u00e9rinaire Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al  Saint\u2010Hyacinthe Quebec Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Catherine Anne","family":"Muckle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Atlantic Veterinary College University of Prince Edward Island  Charlottetown Prince Edward Island Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John Morris","family":"Fairbrother","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"WOAH Reference Laboratory for Escherichia coli, Facult\u00e9 de m\u00e9decine v\u00e9t\u00e9rinaire Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al  Saint\u2010Hyacinthe Quebec Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pierre\u2010Yves","family":"Daoust","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Atlantic Veterinary College University of Prince Edward Island  Charlottetown Prince Edward Island Canada"},{"name":"Canadian Wildlife Health Cooperative, Atlantic Veterinary College University of Prince Edward Island  Charlottetown Prince Edward Island Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1020235414111"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1462\u20102920.13219"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","volume-title":"Ducks, geese & swans of North America","author":"Bellrose F. 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