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Molecular methods were used to identify and screen human lice for the DNA of pathogens of public health importance in an area that has been under insurgency related to religious and political conflicts with tens of thousands of internally displaced people (IDP). DNA of <jats:italic>Bartonella quintana<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Acinetobacter baumannii<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Acinetobacter haemolyticus<\/jats:italic> was detected in 18.3%, 40.0% and 1.7%, respectively, of human lice collected from children in Maiduguri, Nigeria. More body lice than head lice were positive for pathogen's DNA (64.3% vs. 44.4%; \u03c7<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\u2009=\u20091.3, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.33), but the difference was not significant. Two lice samples were found to harbour mixed DNA of <jats:italic>B.\u2009quintana<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>A.\u2009baumannii<\/jats:italic>. Phylogenetic analysis of the cytochrome b (<jats:italic>cytb<\/jats:italic>) gene sequences of the positive lice specimens placed them into clades A and E. This is the first report on the molecular identification of human lice and the detection of the DNA of pathogens of public health importance in lice in Nigeria, West Africa. The findings of this study will assist policy makers and medical practitioners in formulating a holistic healthcare delivery to IDPs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/zph.13082","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,4]],"date-time":"2023-10-04T08:30:24Z","timestamp":1696408224000},"page":"48-59","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Molecular detection of <i>Bartonella quintana<\/i>, <i>Acinetobacter baumannii<\/i> and <i>Acinetobacter haemolyticus<\/i> in <i>Pediculus humanus<\/i> lice in Nigeria, West Africa"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"71","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1133-2281","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joshua","family":"Kamani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Veterinary Research Institute (NVRI)  Vom Plateau State Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yaarit","family":"Nachum\u2010Biala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Koret School of Veterinary Medicine The Hebrew University of Jerusalem  Rehovot Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laminu","family":"Bukar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Veterinary Research Institute (NVRI)  Vom Plateau State Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mike","family":"Shand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Geographical and Earth Sciences University of Glasgow  Glasgow UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shimon","family":"Harrus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Koret School of Veterinary Medicine The Hebrew University of Jerusalem  Rehovot Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2008.09.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2022.834388"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071\u2010020\u201004036\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1712.110453"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2012.03778.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1409.080204"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygeno.2020.03.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(08)70150-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1102.040668"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/00207713-46-4-891"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1003724"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1506.090054"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071\u2010020\u201004293\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1905.121480"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cimid.2011.08.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","first-page":"722","article-title":"Studies on bacterial taxonomy. 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