{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T03:21:17Z","timestamp":1788837677933,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,4]],"date-time":"2023-11-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1699056000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Zoonoses and Public Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Leptospirosis is a zoonosis of worldwide incidence, with a broad spectrum of health risk factors.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>The objective was to determine risk factors associated with acute human leptospirosis and to explore predictive variables of risk to human leptospirosis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The study was carried out in the Department of C\u00f3rdoba, in the north of Colombia. We conducted a longitudinal prospective descriptive study with non\u2010probabilistic sampling, which included 339 patients suspected of leptospirosis. Positive cases were confirmed by MAT and PCR. The determination of social and environmental risk factors was done with a survey on epidemiological and environmental variables to establish an association between cases of leptospirosis and risk factors as well as predictive variables.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>We found 19.8% (67\/339) cases of acute leptospirosis, and the seroprevalence was 27.1% (92\/339). The most frequent serogroups were Sejroe, Australis, Pomona, Batavie, Pyrogenes and Grippotyphosa. We identified the following risk factors: age between 10 and 19\u2009years (OR\u2009=\u20092.571; 95% CI); pig ownership <jats:styled-content>(<\/jats:styled-content>OR\u2009=\u20092.019; 95% CI); bathing or recreational activities in lake\/lagoon (OR\u2009=\u20093.85; 95% CI) and in dams (OR\u2009=\u20093.0; 95% CI); floodings 30\u2009days before the onset of symptoms (OR\u2009=\u20092.019; 95% CI), and a mean temperature of 28\u00b0C (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> 0.044; 95%CI). As significant predictor variables, we identified age (10\u201319\u2009years), bathing or recreational activities in the lake\/lagoon, and flooding 30\u2009days before symptoms were again evidenced. This region presents classic risk factors (pig ownership) and emerging environmental risk factors (recreational practice or bathing in a lake\/lagoon and flooding 30\u2009days before the onset of symptoms), and demographic factors such as young age (10\u201319\u2009years).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>These factors are also predictors of human cases of acute leptospirosis and provide contextual information on environmental and public health that should be considered for epidemiological surveillance in this endemic area.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/zph.13089","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,4]],"date-time":"2023-11-04T08:24:02Z","timestamp":1699086242000},"page":"107-119","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Acute human leptospirosis in a Caribbean region of Colombia: From classic to emerging risk factors"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"71","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0295-4647","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Virginia","family":"Rodr\u00edguez\u2010Rodr\u00edguez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Grupo de Investigaciones Microbiol\u00f3gicas y Biom\u00e9dicas de C\u00f3rdoba (GIMBIC) Universidad de C\u00f3rdoba  C\u00f3rdoba Colombia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3899-156X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana","family":"Castro\u2010Cordero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grupo de Investigaciones Microbiol\u00f3gicas y Biom\u00e9dicas de C\u00f3rdoba (GIMBIC) Universidad de C\u00f3rdoba  C\u00f3rdoba Colombia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6503-8323","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alfonso","family":"Calder\u00f3n\u2010Rangel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Investigaciones Biol\u00f3gicas del Tr\u00f3pico (IIBT) Universidad de C\u00f3rdoba  C\u00f3rdoba Colombia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4974-2449","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eidy","family":"Mart\u00ednez\u2010Ibarra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Maestr\u00eda en Salud P\u00fablica Universidad de C\u00f3rdoba  C\u00f3rdoba Colombia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8081-4212","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria","family":"Yasnot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grupo de Investigaciones Microbiol\u00f3gicas y Biom\u00e9dicas de C\u00f3rdoba (GIMBIC) Universidad de C\u00f3rdoba  C\u00f3rdoba Colombia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0002-776X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Piedad","family":"Agudelo\u2010Fl\u00f3rez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ciencias de la Vida y la Salud, Escuela de Graduados Universidad CES  Medell\u00edn Colombia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3466-7466","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fernando P.","family":"Monroy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences Northern Arizona University  Flagstaff Arizona USA"},{"name":"Pathogen and Microbiome Institute Northern Arizona University  Flagstaff Arizona USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2009.03.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0102-311X2007000900017"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4067\/S0716\u201010182020000600728"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7705\/biomedica.v33i0.1608"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cimid.2019.04.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268818001358"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11250\u2010013\u20100508\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7705\/biomedica.v39i1.4475"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2807\/1560\u20107917.es2014.19.2.2067"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2017.11.068"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7705\/biomedica.v39i2.3985"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.22517\/25395203.24549"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7883\/yoken.JJID.2017.363"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jtm.12239"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","unstructured":"Corporaci\u00f3n Aut\u00f3noma Regional de los Valles del Sin\u00fa y del San Jorge (CVS). (2020).Plan de Acci\u00f3n Institucional 2020\u20132023.https:\/\/cvs.gov.co\/web\/wp\u2010content\/docs\/PLAN_ACCION_2020\u20102023_APROBADO_CONSEJO_DIRECTIVO.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","unstructured":"Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estad\u00edstica (DANE). (2018).Censo Nacional de poblaci\u00f3n y vivienda.https:\/\/www.dane.gov.co\/index.php\/estadisticas\u2010por\u2010tema\/demografia\u2010y\u2010poblacion\/censo\u2010nacional\u2010de\u2010poblacion\u2010y\u2010vivenda\u20102018"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21930\/rcta.vol22_num1_art:1902"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S1726-46342012000200020"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978\u20103\u2010662\u201045059\u20108_6"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09603123.2018.1519526"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2007.09.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0247763"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.0030308"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/RRTM.S102543"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_1","unstructured":"Gobernaci\u00f3n de C\u00f3rdoba Secretar\u00eda de Desarrollo Econ\u00f3mico y Agroindustrial. (2020).Plan Departamental de Extensi\u00f3n Agropecuaria 2020\u20132023.https:\/\/www.minagricultura.gov.co\/ministerio\/direcciones\/PublishingImages\/Paginas\/PDEA\/CORDOBA.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2010.07.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2017.01.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469\u20100691.2011.03474.x"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_11_31_1","first-page":"129","article-title":"Leptospirosis humana: un abordaje epidemiol\u00f3gico desde los factores ambientales","volume":"33","author":"Hern\u00e1ndez C. M.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Revista Cubana de Medicina General Integral"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_32_1","unstructured":"Instituto Colombiano Agropecuario (ICA). (2022).Censos Pecuarios Nacional.https:\/\/www.ica.gov.co\/areas\/pecuaria\/servicios\/epidemiologia\u2010veterinaria\/censos\u20102016\/censo\u20102018"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_33_1","unstructured":"Instituto de Hidrolog\u00eda Meteorolog\u00eda y Estudios Ambientales (IDEAM). (2015).Atlas climatol\u00f3gico de Colombia interactivo.http:\/\/atlas.ideam.gov.co\/basefiles\/cordoba_texto.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_34_1","unstructured":"Instituto Nacional de Salud (INS). (2021).Informe de evento Leptospirosis. Periodo epidemiol\u00f3gico XIII Colombia.https:\/\/www.ins.gov.co\/buscador\u2010eventos\/Informesdeevento\/LEPTOSPIROSIS%20PE%20XIII\u20102021.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_35_1","unstructured":"Instituto Nacional de Salud (INS). (2022a).Sistema Nacional de Vigilancia en Salud P\u00fablica (SIVIGILA).https:\/\/www.ins.gov.co\/buscador\u2010eventos\/Paginas\/Info\u2010Evento.aspx"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_36_1","unstructured":"Instituto Nacional de Salud (INS). (2022b).Protocolo de Vigilancia de Leptospirosis.https:\/\/www.ins.gov.co\/buscador\u2010eventos\/Lineamientos\/Pro_Leptospirosis.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1006.030660"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2010.07.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/tbed.13349"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2016.09.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_41_1","unstructured":"Ministerio de Salud. (1993).Resoluci\u00f3n N\u00famero 8430. Por la cual se establecen las normas cient\u00edficas t\u00e9cnicas y administrativas para la investigaci\u00f3n en salud.https:\/\/www.minsalud.gov.co\/sites\/rid\/Lists\/BibliotecaDigital\/RIDE\/DE\/DIJ\/RESOLUCION\u20108430\u2010DE\u20101993.PDF"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_42_1","unstructured":"Ministerio de Salud y Protecci\u00f3n Social Direcci\u00f3n de Epidemiolog\u00eda y Demograf\u00eda. (2021).An\u00e1lisis de situaci\u00f3n de Salud en Colombia.https:\/\/www.minsalud.gov.co\/sites\/rid\/Lists\/BibliotecaDigital\/RIDE\/VS\/ED\/PSP\/analisis\u2010situacion\u2010salud\u2010colombia\u20102021.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.26633\/RPSP.2020.78"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0036-36342005000300008"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_45_1","volume-title":"Mujeres y hombres en la econom\u00eda informal: un panorama estad\u00edstico","author":"Oficina Internacional del Trabajo (OIT)","year":"2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11250\u2010021\u201002567\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15446\/rfmvz.v62n3.54939"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.26633\/RPSP.2017.131"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7705\/biomedica.v39i0.4577"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro.2017.5"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2012.12.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph110807953"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens10020145"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prevetmed.2020.105037"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2000.63.204"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_56_1","volume-title":"Human leptospirosis: Guidance for diagnosis, surveillance, and control","author":"World Health Organization\u2010WHO","year":"2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7705\/biomedica.v33i0.1457"}],"container-title":["Zoonoses and Public Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/zph.13089","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,21]],"date-time":"2024-01-21T05:43:43Z","timestamp":1705815823000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/zph.13089"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,4]]},"references-count":56,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/zph.13089"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/zph.13089","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1863-1959","1863-2378"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1863-1959","type":"print"},{"value":"1863-2378","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-09-07","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-10-18","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-11-04","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}