{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]],"date-time":"2026-05-15T22:19:10Z","timestamp":1778883550163,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,5]],"date-time":"2024-02-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1707091200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Zoonoses and Public Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>Lyssavirus rabies<\/jats:italic> (RABV) is responsible for a major zoonotic infection that is almost always lethal once clinical signs appear. Rabies can be (re)introduced into rabies\u2010free areas through transboundary dog movements, thus compromising animal and human health. A number of measures have been implemented to prevent this happening, one of which is the waiting period (WP) after anti\u2010rabies vaccination and serological testing. This WP ensures that antibodies assessed through the serological test are due to the vaccine, not to infection. Indeed, if antibodies are due to RABV infection, the dog should display clinical signs within this WP and would not therefore be imported.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods and Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Within a framework of quantitative risk assessment, we used modelling approaches to evaluate the impact of this WP and its duration on the risk of introducing rabies via the importation of dogs into the European Union. Two types of models were used, a classical stochastic scenario tree model and an individual\u2010based model, both parameterised using scientific literature or data specifically applicable to the EU. Results showed that, assuming perfect compliance, the current 3\u2010month waiting period was associated with a median annual number of 0.04 infected dogs imported into the EU. When the WP was reduced, the risk increased. For example, for a 1\u2010month WP, the median annual number of infected dogs imported was 0.17 or 0.15 depending on the model, which corresponds to a four\u2010fold increase.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>This in silico study, particularly suitable for evaluating rare events such as rabies infections in rabies\u2010free areas, provided results that can directly inform policymakers in order to adapt regulations linked to rabies and animal movements.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/zph.13113","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,7]],"date-time":"2024-02-07T09:37:26Z","timestamp":1707298646000},"page":"402-415","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["What would be the impact on the rabies risk of reducing the waiting period before dogs are imported? A modelling study based on the European Union legislation"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"71","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5948-4914","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guillaume","family":"Crozet","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Sant\u00e9 Animale USC EPIMAI, ANSES Ecole Nationale V\u00e9t\u00e9rinaire d'Alfort  Maisons\u2010Alfort France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Florence","family":"Cliquet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nancy Laboratory for Rabies and Wildlife ANSES  Malz\u00e9ville France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emmanuelle","family":"Robardet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nancy Laboratory for Rabies and Wildlife ANSES  Malz\u00e9ville France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2019.109986"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0007739"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0022\u20101759(97)00212\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.20506\/rst.22.3.1437"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/vetsci7040207"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","volume-title":"Quantitative risk assessment of rabies being introduced into mainland France through worldwide noncommercial dog and cat movements","author":"Crozet G.","year":"2022"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7774\/cevr.2016.5.1.60"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2903\/j.efsa.2007.436"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","unstructured":"European Commission. (2013a).Commission Implementing Regulation(EU)No 577\/2013 of 28 June 2013 on the model identification documents for the non\u2010commercial movement of dogs cats and ferrets the establishment of lists of territories and third countries and the format layout and language requirements of the declarations attesting compliance with certain conditions provided for in Regulation(EU)No 576\/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council Text with EEA relevance.http:\/\/data.europa.eu\/eli\/reg_impl\/2013\/577\/oj\/eng"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","unstructured":"European Commission. (2013b).Regulation(EU)No 576\/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 12 June 2013 on the non\u2010commercial movement of pet animals and repealing Regulation(EC)No 998\/2003 Text with EEA relevance.http:\/\/data.europa.eu\/eli\/reg\/2013\/576\/oj\/eng"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2903\/j.efsa.2022.7350"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.66.5.2601\u20102604.1992"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","unstructured":"French Ministry of Agriculture and Food. (2008 April 30).Note de service DGAL\/SDSPA\/N2008\u20108104: Rage canine: Situation au 30 avril 2008 et rappel des recommandations aux v\u00e9t\u00e9rinaires.https:\/\/info.agriculture.gouv.fr\/gedei\/site\/bo\u2010agri\/instruction\u2010N2008\u20108104"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0009124"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1539\u20106924.2012.01804.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","unstructured":"Great Britain Ministry of Agriculture fisheries and food. (1971).Report of the Committee of Inquiry on Rabies. Final report. 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