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Coxiella burnetii<\/jats:italic> normally causes subclinical infections in livestock, but may also cause reproductive pathology and spontaneous abortions in artiodactyl species. One such artiodactyl, the dromedary camel (<jats:italic>Camelus dromedarius<\/jats:italic>), is an increasingly important livestock species in semi\u2010arid landscapes. Ticks are naturally infected with <jats:italic>C. burnetii<\/jats:italic> worldwide and are frequently found on camels in Kenya. In this study, we assessed the relationship between dromedary camels' <jats:italic>C. burnetii<\/jats:italic> serostatus and whether the camels were carrying <jats:italic>C. burnetii<\/jats:italic> PCR\u2010positive ticks in Kenya. We hypothesized that there would be a positive association between camel seropositivity and carrying <jats:italic>C. burnetii<\/jats:italic> PCR\u2010positive ticks.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods and Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Blood was collected from camels (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009233) from three herds, and serum was analysed using commercial ELISA antibody test kits. Ticks were collected (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20094354), divided into pools of the same species from the same camel (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009397) and tested for <jats:italic>C. burnetii<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Coxiella<\/jats:italic>\u2010like endosymbionts. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize seroprevalence by camel demographic and clinical variables. Univariate logistic regression analyses were used to assess relationships between serostatus (outcome) and tick PCR status, camel demographic variables, and camel clinical variables (predictors). Camel <jats:italic>C. burnetii<\/jats:italic> seroprevalence was 52%. Across tick pools, the prevalence of <jats:italic>C. burnetii<\/jats:italic> was 15% and <jats:italic>Coxiella<\/jats:italic>\u2010like endosymbionts was 27%. Camel seropositivity was significantly associated with the presence of a <jats:italic>C. burnetii<\/jats:italic> PCR\u2010positive tick pool (OR: 2.58; 95% CI: 1.4\u20135.1; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.0045), increasing age class, and increasing total solids.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The role of ticks and camels in the epidemiology of Q fever warrants further research to better understand this zoonotic disease that has potential to cause illness and reproductive losses in humans, livestock, and wildlife.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/zph.13127","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,17]],"date-time":"2024-04-17T05:15:00Z","timestamp":1713330900000},"page":"503-514","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["<i>Coxiella burnetii<\/i> serostatus in dromedary camels (<i>Camelus dromedarius<\/i>) is associated with the presence of <i>C. burnetii<\/i> DNA in attached ticks in Laikipia County, Kenya"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"71","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3152-0810","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tess","family":"Rooney","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine at Tufts University  North Grafton Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"San Diego Zoo Wildlife Alliance  San Diego California USA"},{"name":"School of Veterinary Medicine University of California, Davis  Davis California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8931-4986","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eric M.","family":"F\u00e8vre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Livestock Research Institute  Nairobi Kenya"},{"name":"Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences University of Liverpool  Liverpool 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