{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T15:31:05Z","timestamp":1789140665628,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,21]],"date-time":"2024-05-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1716249600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004837","name":"Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00f3n","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004837","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008679","name":"Universidad de C\u00f3rdoba","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008679","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008530","name":"European Regional Development Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008530","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Zoonoses and Public Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,8]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Background<\/jats:title>\n \n Coxiella burnetii,<\/jats:italic>\n the causative agent of Q fever, is a zoonotic multi\u2010host vector\u2010borne pathogen of major public health importance. Although the European Food Safety Authority has recently made the monitoring of this bacterium in wildlife a priority, the role of wild lagomorphs in the transmission and maintenance of\n C. burnetii<\/jats:italic>\n is poorly understood.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Aims<\/jats:title>\n \n The aims of this study were to determine the prevalence and risk factors associated with\n C. burnetii<\/jats:italic>\n circulation in European wild rabbits (\n Oryctolagus cuniculus<\/jats:italic>\n ) and Iberian hares (\n Lepus granatensis<\/jats:italic>\n ) and to assess the presence of this pathogen in ticks that feed on them in Mediterranean ecosystems in Spain, the country with the highest number of reported cases of Q fever in Europe.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n A total of 574 spleen samples were collected from 453 wild rabbits and 121 Iberian hares, and 513 ticks (processed in 120 pools) between the 2017\/2018 and 2021\/2022 hunting seasons.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n C. burnetii<\/jats:italic>\n DNA was detected in 103 (17.9%; 95% CI: 14.8\u201321.1) of the 574 wild lagomorphs tested. By species, prevalence was 16.3% (74\/453; 95% CI: 12.9\u201319.7) in the European wild rabbit and 24.0% (29\/121; 95% CI: 16.4\u201331.6) in the Iberian hare. At least one positive lagomorph was found on 47.9% of the 96 hunting estates sampled and in every hunting season since 2018\/2019. Two risk factors associated with\n C. burnetii<\/jats:italic>\n infection were as follows: outbreak of myxomatosis on the hunting estate in the month prior to sampling and high tick abundance observed by gamekeepers on the hunting estate.\n C. burnetii<\/jats:italic>\n DNA was also found in 33 of the 120 (27.5%; 95% CI: 19.5\u201335.5) tick pools tested. The pathogen was detected in 66.7% (4\/6), 29.2% (26\/89) and 21.4% (3\/14) of\n Haemaphysalis hispanica<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n Rhipicephalus pusillus<\/jats:italic>\n and\n Hyalomma lusitanicum<\/jats:italic>\n pools respectively.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n \n This study provides new epidemiological data on\n C. burnetii<\/jats:italic>\n in European wild rabbits and is the first survey on this zoonotic pathogen performed in Iberian hares. Our results indicate widespread endemic circulation of\n C. burnetii<\/jats:italic>\n and highlight the importance of both wild lagomorph species as natural reservoirs of this zoonotic bacterium in Mediterranean ecosystems in southern Spain, which may be of public and animal health concern. The high prevalence and wide diversity of positive tick species suggest the possible role of ticks in the epidemiological cycle of\n C. burnetii<\/jats:italic>\n , with the potential risk of transmission to sympatric species, including humans.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/zph.13155","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,22]],"date-time":"2024-05-22T00:14:22Z","timestamp":1716336862000},"page":"549-559","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Occurrence of\n Coxiella burnetii<\/i>\n in wild lagomorphs and their ticks in Spanish Mediterranean ecosystems"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"71","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8761-5945","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sabrina","family":"Castro\u2010Scholten","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Grupo de Investigaci\u00f3n en Sanidad Animal y Zoonosis (GISAZ), UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes ENZOEM Universidad de C\u00f3rdoba C\u00f3rdoba Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6241-3439","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Javier","family":"Caballero\u2010G\u00f3mez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Grupo de Investigaci\u00f3n en Sanidad Animal y Zoonosis (GISAZ), UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes ENZOEM Universidad de C\u00f3rdoba C\u00f3rdoba Spain"},{"name":"Grupo de Virolog\u00eda Cl\u00ednica y Zoonosis, Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Maim\u00f3nides de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica de C\u00f3rdoba (IMIBIC), Hospital Universitario Reina Sof\u00eda Universidad de C\u00f3rdoba C\u00f3rdoba Spain"},{"name":"CIBERINFEC, ISCIII \u2013 CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas Instituto de Salud Carlos III Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5908-9447","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Remigio","family":"Mart\u00ednez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Grupo de Investigaci\u00f3n en Sanidad Animal y Zoonosis (GISAZ), UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes ENZOEM Universidad de C\u00f3rdoba C\u00f3rdoba Spain"},{"name":"Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria Universidad de Extremadura C\u00e1ceres Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-7161-3837","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Borja J.","family":"Nadales\u2010Mart\u00edn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Grupo de Investigaci\u00f3n en Sanidad Animal y Zoonosis (GISAZ), UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes ENZOEM Universidad de C\u00f3rdoba C\u00f3rdoba Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5657-2567","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Cano\u2010Terriza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Grupo de Investigaci\u00f3n en Sanidad Animal y Zoonosis (GISAZ), UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes ENZOEM Universidad de C\u00f3rdoba C\u00f3rdoba Spain"},{"name":"CIBERINFEC, ISCIII \u2013 CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas Instituto de Salud Carlos III Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0600-5622","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"D\u00e9bora","family":"Jim\u00e9nez\u2010Mart\u00edn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Grupo de Investigaci\u00f3n en Sanidad Animal y Zoonosis (GISAZ), UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes ENZOEM Universidad de C\u00f3rdoba C\u00f3rdoba Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8071-3806","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Susana","family":"Remesar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Investigaci\u00f3n en Sanidad Animal: Galicia (Grupo INVESAGA), Facultade de Veterinaria Universidade de Santiago de Compostela Lugo Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2090-9353","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sa\u00fal","family":"Jim\u00e9nez\u2010Ruiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Grupo de Investigaci\u00f3n en Sanidad Animal y Zoonosis (GISAZ), UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes ENZOEM Universidad de C\u00f3rdoba C\u00f3rdoba Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F\u00e9lix","family":"G\u00f3mez\u2010Guillam\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de Vigilancia Epidemiol\u00f3gica de la Fauna Silvestre (PVE) Consejer\u00eda de Sostenibilidad, Medio Ambiente y Econom\u00eda Azul, Junta de Andaluc\u00eda M\u00e1laga Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3388-2604","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ignacio","family":"Garc\u00eda\u2010Bocanegra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Grupo de Investigaci\u00f3n en Sanidad Animal y Zoonosis (GISAZ), UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes ENZOEM Universidad de C\u00f3rdoba C\u00f3rdoba Spain"},{"name":"CIBERINFEC, ISCIII \u2013 CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas Instituto de Salud Carlos III Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2010.05.046"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10344\u2010013\u20100704\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2017.2120"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). 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