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In Somalia, a country heavily reliant on livestock, zoonotic diseases pose significant public health and economic challenges. To the best of our knowledge, no study has been performed aiming to verify the occurrence of Bartonella<\/jats:italic> spp. in Somalia. This study investigated the occurrence and molecular characterization of Bartonella<\/jats:italic> in dromedary (Camelus dromedarius<\/jats:italic>, Linnaeus, 1758), cattle, sheep, and goats from Somalia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>530 blood samples were collected from various animals (155 dromedary, 199 goat, 131 cattle, and 45 sheep) in Benadir and Lower Shabelle regions. DNA was extracted for molecular analysis, and a qPCR assay targeting the NADH dehydrogenase gamma subunit (nuoG<\/jats:italic>) gene was used for Bartonella<\/jats:italic> screening. Positive samples were also subjected to PCR assays targeting seven molecular markers including: nuoG<\/jats:italic>, citrate synthase gene (gltA<\/jats:italic>), RNA polymerase beta\u2010subunit gene (rpoB<\/jats:italic>), riboflavin synthase gene (ribC), 60\u2009kDa heat\u2010shock protein gene (groEL<\/jats:italic>), cell division protein gene (ftsZ<\/jats:italic>), and pap31<\/jats:italic> and qPCR targeting the 16\u201023S rRNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) followed by Sanger sequencing, BLASTn and phylogenetic analysis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Results<\/jats:title>Out of 530 tested animals, 5.1% were positive for Bartonella<\/jats:italic> spp. by the nuoG<\/jats:italic> qPCR assay. Goats showed the highest Bartonella<\/jats:italic> occurrence (17\/199, 8.5%), followed by sheep (6\/44, 6.8%), cattle (4\/131, 3.1%), and dromedary (1\/155, 1.9%). Goats, sheep, and cattle had higher odds of infection compared to dromedary. Among nuoG<\/jats:italic> qPCR\u2010positive samples, 11.1%, 14.8%, 11.1%, and 25.9% were positive in PCR assays based on nuoG<\/jats:italic>, gltA<\/jats:italic>, and pap31<\/jats:italic> genes, and in the qPCR based on the ITS region, respectively. On the other hand, nuoG<\/jats:italic> qPCR\u2010positive samples were negative in the PCR assays targeting the ribC<\/jats:italic>, rpoB<\/jats:italic>, ftsZ<\/jats:italic>, and groEL<\/jats:italic> genes. While Bartonella bovis<\/jats:italic> sequences were detected in cattle (nuoG<\/jats:italic> and ITS) and goats (gltA<\/jats:italic>), Bartonella henselae<\/jats:italic> ITS sequences were detected in dromedary, goat, and sheep. Phylogenetic analysis placed gltA Bartonella<\/jats:italic> sequence from a goat in the same clade of B.\u2009bovis<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Conclusion<\/jats:title>The present study showed, for the first time, molecular evidence of Bartonella<\/jats:italic> spp. in dromedary and ruminants from Somalia and B.\u2009henselae<\/jats:italic> in sheep and goats globally. These findings contribute valuable insights into Bartonella<\/jats:italic> spp. occurrence in Somali livestock, highlighting the need for comprehensive surveillance and control measures under the One Health approach.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/zph.13158","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,31]],"date-time":"2024-05-31T04:25:06Z","timestamp":1717129506000},"page":"568-577","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Bartonella<\/i> species in dromedaries and ruminants from Lower Shabelle and Benadir regions, Somalia"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"71","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9199-3516","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aamir M.","family":"Osman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program on Veterinary Sciences Universidade Federal do Paran\u00e1 Curitiba Paran\u00e1 Brazil"},{"name":"Somali One Health Centre Abrar University Mogadishu Somalia"},{"name":"Department of Animal Health and Veterinary Services Ministry of Livestock, Forestry, and Range Mogadishu Somalia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmed A.","family":"Hassan\u2010Kadle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Somali One Health Centre Abrar University Mogadishu Somalia"},{"name":"Abrar Research and Training Centre Abrar University Mogadishu Somalia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clara Morato","family":"Dias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vector\u2010Borne Bioagents Laboratory (VBBL), Department of Pathology, Reproduction and One Health, Faculty of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences S\u00e3o Paulo State University (FCAV\/UNESP) Jaboticabal Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdalla M.","family":"Ibrahim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program on Veterinary Sciences Universidade Federal do Paran\u00e1 Curitiba Paran\u00e1 Brazil"},{"name":"Somali One Health Centre Abrar University Mogadishu Somalia"},{"name":"Abrar Research and Training Centre Abrar University Mogadishu Somalia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fl\u00e1via C. M.","family":"Collere","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program on Veterinary Sciences Universidade Federal do Paran\u00e1 Curitiba Paran\u00e1 Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamed A.","family":"Shair","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Abrar Research and Training Centre Abrar University Mogadishu Somalia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabiano","family":"Montiani\u2010Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program on Veterinary Sciences Universidade Federal do Paran\u00e1 Curitiba Paran\u00e1 Brazil"},{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine Universidade Federal do Paran\u00e1 Curitiba Paran\u00e1 Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcos R.","family":"Andr\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vector\u2010Borne Bioagents Laboratory (VBBL), Department of Pathology, Reproduction and One Health, Faculty of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences S\u00e3o Paulo State University (FCAV\/UNESP) Jaboticabal Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdulkarim A.","family":"Yusuf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Abrar Research and Training Centre Abrar University Mogadishu Somalia"},{"name":"Department of Slaughterhouses Somali Meat Company Mogadishu Somalia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Th\u00e1llitha S. 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