{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T01:22:06Z","timestamp":1787016126576,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,9]],"date-time":"2024-09-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1725840000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000774","name":"Defense Threat Reduction Agency","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000774","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Zoonoses and Public Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Anthrax is a World Organisation for Animal Health (WOAH)\u2010listed disease that must be reported upon confirmation based on the Terrestrial Animal Health Code. Anthrax poses a serious health issue for unvaccinated livestock, is a threat to humans through interaction with contaminated livestock and animal products and is endemic in many areas throughout the world, including the Transcaucasian Region. Despite several control and eradication efforts that have been implemented by the government of the Republic of Armenia (RA), sporadic cases of anthrax are still reported. We sought to understand the epidemic situation of anthrax in RA during the last 10\u2009years (2012\u20132023) based on analysis of outbreaks and reported cases in cattle and humans.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We collected and evaluated officially reported data from human and animal cases, such as time, location, animal species, disease intensity and spread radius. The data and various parameters were mapped using ArcGIS to prepare a viable risk assessment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Based on the officially available data and reports, there have been 80 human cases and 55 animal cases of anthrax confirmed in RA from 2012 to 2023. We also identified the presence of anthrax spores in soil and environmental samples near animal burial sites in RA in 2015\u20132017 through polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing. Upon comparing the human and animal cases by frequency and intensity, the human cases are directly proportional to the animal husbandry practices performed in RA.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The detection of the anthrax pathogen at the burial sites highlights the continued threat in these areas. Thus, it is imperative to secure and monitor any areas that have been used for anthrax burial and limit the movement of animals in these areas. In the future, legislation should be updated to prioritise incineration of anthrax\u2010infected carcasses instead of burial to limit further exposure to animals and humans.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/zph.13181","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,10]],"date-time":"2024-09-10T00:19:17Z","timestamp":1725927557000},"page":"32-41","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Evaluation of the Epidemic Situation of Anthrax in Armenia Over the Last Decade"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"72","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2304-6362","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Satenik","family":"Kharatyan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Scientific Center for Risks Assessment and Analysis in Food Safety Area of the Ministry of Economy of the Republic of Armenia  Yerevan Republic of Armenia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Khachik","family":"Sargsyan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Scientific Center for Risks Assessment and Analysis in Food Safety Area of the Ministry of Economy of the Republic of Armenia  Yerevan Republic of Armenia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hasmik","family":"Elbakyan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Scientific Center for Risks Assessment and Analysis in Food Safety Area of the Ministry of Economy of the Republic of Armenia  Yerevan Republic of Armenia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Varduhi","family":"Hakobyan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Scientific Center for Risks Assessment and Analysis in Food Safety Area of the Ministry of Economy of the Republic of Armenia  Yerevan Republic of Armenia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vazgen","family":"Sargsyan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Scientific Center for Risks Assessment and Analysis in Food Safety Area of the Ministry of Economy of the Republic of Armenia  Yerevan Republic of Armenia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gayane","family":"Chobanyan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Scientific Center for Risks Assessment and Analysis in Food Safety Area of the Ministry of Economy of the Republic of Armenia  Yerevan Republic of Armenia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manvel","family":"Badalyan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Armenian National Agrarian University  Yerevan Republic of Armenia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tigran","family":"Markosyan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Scientific Center for Risks Assessment and Analysis in Food Safety Area of the Ministry of Economy of the Republic of Armenia  Yerevan Republic of Armenia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","volume-title":"Order on Adopting the Guideline for Farm Animal Anthrax Disease Surveillance and Control, of 16 July 2013. (No 416)","author":"Agriculture, M. o","year":"2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.47176\/mjiri.35.36"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","unstructured":"Armenia R. o.2023.\u201cARMSTAT: Statistical Committee Republic of Armenia.\u201darmstat.am."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","volume-title":"Response Strategy: Anthrax (Version 5.0)","author":"Australia A. A. H.","year":"2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mam.2009.08.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/brv.12420"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41564\u2010019\u20100435\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","unstructured":"Control E. C. f. D. P. a.2020.\u201cSurveillance systems overview for 2020.\u201dhttps:\/\/www.ecdc.europa.eu\/en\/publications\u2010data\/surveillance\u2010systems\u2010overview\u20102020."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12941\u2010021\u201000485\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574\u20106968.2002.tb11324.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471\u20102180\u201013\u2010167"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2009.08.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1556\/1886.2020.00008"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.323.7320.1017"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","unstructured":"Haykuni M.2016.\u201cAssessment of anthrax epidemic risk factors in the Republic of Armenia 2016.\u201dhttps:\/\/dspace.nla.am\/items\/06fa22e6\u20100306\u2010461f\u2010bc1a\u2010c7891ad02dfd."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","volume-title":"Order on the Approval of Standard Definitions of Infectious Diseases, Food Poisoning Cases, of 16 October 2013. (N 2750\u2010A)","author":"Health, M. o","year":"2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","volume-title":"Order on Adopting the Code of Conduct of a Patient with Anthrax, of 10 May 2019. (N 24\u2010\u0546)","author":"Health, M. o","year":"2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mam.2009.08.003"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","first-page":"1558","article-title":"Value of Field Data for Extrapolation in Anthrax","volume":"26","author":"Lincoln R. E.","year":"1967","journal-title":"Federation Proceedings"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","unstructured":"Ministry of Agriculture.2014.\u201cRepublic of Armenia law on Veterinary Medicine \u201cHO\u2010137\u2010N\u201d 21 June 2014. (HO\u2010137\u2010N).\u201dwww.arlis.am."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889\u2010017\u20105007\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","unstructured":"Rovid Spickler A.2017.\u201cAnthrax Fact Sheet. 12.\u201dhttps:\/\/www.cfsph.iastate.edu\/FastFacts\/pdfs\/anthrax_F.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5455\/javar.2018.e290"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","volume-title":"Veterinary Legislation","author":"Tretyakova A. D.","year":"1989"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","volume-title":"Anthrax in Humans and Animals","author":"WHO","year":"2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","unstructured":"WHO.2016.\u201cAnthrax.\u201dhttps:\/\/www.who.int\/europe\/news\u2010room\/questions\u2010and\u2010answers\/item\/anthrax."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","volume-title":"OIE Terrestrial Manual","author":"WOAH","year":"2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","volume-title":"World Animal Health Information System (WAHIS)","author":"WOAH","year":"2023"}],"container-title":["Zoonoses and Public Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/zph.13181","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,2]],"date-time":"2025-01-02T23:41:31Z","timestamp":1735861291000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/zph.13181"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,9]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/zph.13181"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/zph.13181","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1863-1959","1863-2378"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1863-1959","type":"print"},{"value":"1863-2378","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-04-26","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-08-28","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-09-09","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}