{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T21:50:36Z","timestamp":1790113836631,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,2]],"date-time":"2024-12-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733097600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000014","name":"Smithsonian Institution","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000014","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Zoonoses and Public Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>Rabies vaccination in domestic dog populations has increased globally in a bid to protect human health. Surveillance efforts, however, are inconsistent in endemic regions such as in sub\u2010Saharan Africa, due to fragmented reporting and limited diagnostic capacity for suspected cases, limiting successful monitoring and evaluation of vaccination campaigns. Here, we conducted a pilot study aiming to strengthen rabies surveillance by combining community\u2010based surveillance with field\u2010based diagnostic testing in pastoral and agro\u2010pastoral communities in central Kenya; communities which are frequently marginalised from health systems. During the 6\u2010month pilot study, there were 14 alerts of suspected rabid dogs in the community, of which eight were tested and five diagnostically confirmed as rabid. Two positive samples processed successfully for whole genome sequencing indicated that the rabies variant circulating in central Kenya during the study period belonged to the Africa 1b subclade, which is similar to variants identified in eastern Kenya and Tanzania, suggesting regional transmission. This pilot study indicates that rabies continues to circulate in the region and that community\u2010based surveillance, when combined with enhanced diagnostic testing, can help alleviate underreporting and guide vaccination campaigns.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/zph.13193","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,2]],"date-time":"2024-12-02T09:55:12Z","timestamp":1733133312000},"page":"194-199","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Integrated Community\u2010Based Reporting and Field Diagnostics for Improved Rabies Surveillance in Rural Laikipia, Kenya"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"72","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3354-5264","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christian O.","family":"Odinga","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"International Livestock Research Institute  Nairobi Kenya"},{"name":"Smithsonian's National Zoo and Conservation Biology Institute  Washington DC USA"},{"name":"Department of Public Health, Pharmacology and Toxicology University of Nairobi  Nairobi Kenya"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lian F.","family":"Thomas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Livestock Research Institute  Nairobi Kenya"},{"name":"The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies University of Edinburgh  Midlothian UK"},{"name":"Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences University of Liverpool  Liverpool UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Evalyne","family":"Wambugu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kenya Medical Research Institute\/US Army Medical Research Directorate\u2013Africa\/Kenya  Kisumu Kenya"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6931-6420","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adam W.","family":"Ferguson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gantz Family Collection Center Field Museum of Natural History  Chicago Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8931-4986","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eric M.","family":"F\u00e8vre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Livestock Research Institute  Nairobi Kenya"},{"name":"Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences University of Liverpool  Liverpool UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andy","family":"Gibson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mission Rabies  Cranborne UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James M.","family":"Hassell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Livestock Research Institute  Nairobi Kenya"},{"name":"Smithsonian's National Zoo and Conservation Biology Institute  Washington DC USA"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Disease Yale School of Public Health  New Haven Connecticut USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dishon M.","family":"Muloi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Livestock Research Institute  Nairobi Kenya"},{"name":"Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences University of Liverpool  Liverpool UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suzan","family":"Murray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Smithsonian's National Zoo and Conservation Biology Institute  Washington DC USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Surmat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mpala Research Centre  Nanyuki Kenya"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter M.","family":"Mwai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"County Department of Veterinary Services  Nanyuki Laikipia County Kenya"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rosie","family":"Woodroffe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Zoology Zoological Society of London  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dedan","family":"Ngatia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mpala Research Centre  Nanyuki Kenya"},{"name":"Department of Zoology &amp; 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