{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,29]],"date-time":"2025-01-29T05:21:09Z","timestamp":1738128069691,"version":"3.33.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,18]],"date-time":"2024-12-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1734480000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008679","name":"Universidad de C\u00f3rdoba","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008679","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100023961","name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biotecnol\u00f3gica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CB21\/13\/00083"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CB21\/13\/00083"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100023961","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Zoonoses and Public Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>West Nile virus (WNV) is the most widely distributed mosquito\u2010borne flavivirus. Over the past decade, its spread across Europe has raised significant concerns for both public and animal health. Although WNV exposure has been evidenced in various wild mammal species in Spain, no seroepidemiological studies have been conducted on this flavivirus in wild lagomorphs so far.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study aimed to assess WNV exposure in European wild rabbit (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>Oryctolagus cuniculus<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content>) and Iberian hare (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>Lepus granatensis<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content>) populations inhabiting Spanish Mediterranean ecosystems.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Sera from 540 wild lagomorphs (399 European wild rabbit and 141 Iberian hares), from 106 hunting grounds distributed throughout Andalusia (southern Spain), were collected between the 2018\/2019 and 2022\/2023 hunting seasons.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Antibodies against flavivirus were detected by blocking enzyme\u2010linked immunosorbent assay (bELISA) in 5.0% (27\/540; 95% CI: 3.2\u20136.8) of the wild lagomorphs. Exposure to WNV was confirmed in 4.8% (19\/394; 95% CI: 2.7\u20136.9) of wild rabbits and 0.7% (1\/141; 95% CI: 0.0\u20132.1) of Iberian hares by virus microneutralisation test. Anti\u2010WNV antibodies were found in wild lagomorphs sampled from three (2.8%) hunting grounds located in western Andalusia during the seasons 2020\u20132021 and 2021\u20132022. Remarkably, this spatiotemporal distribution overlaps with the largest outbreak of WNV in Spain. Antibodies against Usutu virus and Bagaza virus were not detected in the wild lagomorph populations analysed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study constitutes the first report of WNV exposure in wild rabbit in Spain and in Iberian hare worldwide. While these species seem not play a primary role in the epidemiology of the virus, they could serve as sentinel for monitoring WNV in Iberian Mediterranean ecosystems.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/zph.13200","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,19]],"date-time":"2024-12-19T04:05:13Z","timestamp":1734581113000},"page":"207-214","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Exposure to West Nile Virus in Wild Lagomorphs in Spanish Mediterranean Ecosystems"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"72","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8761-5945","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sabrina","family":"Castro\u2010Scholten","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Grupo de Investigaci\u00f3n en Sanidad Animal y Zoonosis (GISAZ), UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes ENZOEM Universidad de C\u00f3rdoba  C\u00f3rdoba 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Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3481-7310","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel","family":"Bravo\u2010Barriga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Grupo de Investigaci\u00f3n en Sanidad Animal y Zoonosis (GISAZ), UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes ENZOEM Universidad de C\u00f3rdoba  C\u00f3rdoba Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1566-0266","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francisco","family":"Llorente","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n en Sanidad Animal (CISA\u2010INIA), CSIC  Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5657-2567","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Cano\u2010Terriza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Grupo de Investigaci\u00f3n en Sanidad Animal y Zoonosis (GISAZ), UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes ENZOEM Universidad de C\u00f3rdoba  C\u00f3rdoba Spain"},{"name":"CIBERINFEC, ISCIII\u2014CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas Instituto de Salud Carlos III  Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2125-9743","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miguel \u00c1ngel","family":"Jim\u00e9nez\u2010Clavero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n en Sanidad Animal (CISA\u2010INIA), CSIC  Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0600-5622","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"D\u00e9bora","family":"Jim\u00e9nez\u2010Mart\u00edn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Grupo de Investigaci\u00f3n en Sanidad Animal y Zoonosis (GISAZ), UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes ENZOEM Universidad 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