{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]],"date-time":"2026-04-16T10:18:03Z","timestamp":1776334683434,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,8]],"date-time":"2024-12-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733616000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Zoonoses and Public Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Urban rodents are reservoirs of zoonotic pathogens, including <jats:italic>Bartonella<\/jats:italic> spp., which are transmitted by ectoparasites such as fleas. Zoonotic diseases caused by <jats:italic>Bartonella<\/jats:italic> often go undocumented due to confusing or subtle clinical symptoms, lack of awareness and poor diagnosis. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and diversity of <jats:italic>Bartonella<\/jats:italic> spp. by screening free\u2010ranging rodents and their ectoparasites in the unique ecological settings of Alipore Railway Station, Kolkata, India. The station's high passenger traffic and proximity to food stalls create favourable conditions for rodents and fleas to thrive, increasing the risk of zoonotic transmission.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Rodents and fleas were identified by morphological features and DNA sequencing. Detection of <jats:italic>Bartonella<\/jats:italic> was carried out by DNA sequencing of citrate synthase (<jats:italic>gltA<\/jats:italic>) gene. Phylogenetic relationships among the obtained sequences were inferred through phylogenetic tree and haplotype network analyses. Q\u2010PCR testing from human samples from the surrounding area was performed to confirm the zoonotic transfer potential.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Of 60 rodents, identified as <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n<jats:italic>Bandicota indica<\/jats:italic>\n<\/jats:styled-content> 28 (46.7%) and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n<jats:italic>Bandicota bengalensis<\/jats:italic>\n<\/jats:styled-content> 32 (53.3%), and 110 fleas (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n<jats:italic>Xenopsylla cheopis<\/jats:italic>\n<\/jats:styled-content>) were collected. The prevalence of <jats:italic>Bartonella<\/jats:italic> infection varied across three different hosts, that is, 32\/60 rodents (53.33%), 87\/110 fleas (79.1%) and 4\/25 human (16%). Phylogenetic analysis revealed four distinct <jats:italic>Bartonella<\/jats:italic> lineages comprising 11 novel haplotypes (H1\u2013H11), with haplotype H4 shared between rodents, fleas and humans, indicating active and cross species transmission of <jats:italic>Bartonella<\/jats:italic> spp. Haplotype H10, identified as <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n<jats:italic>B. rochalimae<\/jats:italic>\n<\/jats:styled-content>, was a phylogenetically diverged lineage exclusively found in fleas, suggesting a potentially novel lineage.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The results highlight the significant public health risks posed by <jats:italic>Bartonella<\/jats:italic> spp. in densely populated urban areas, particularly in environments like railway stations where human\u2013rodent interactions are frequent. This study underscores the necessity of integrated pest management and surveillance strategies, using molecular tools such as Q\u2010PCR, to mitigate the risk of zoonotic disease transmission in urban settings.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/zph.13203","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,9]],"date-time":"2024-12-09T07:34:56Z","timestamp":1733729696000},"page":"284-292","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Zoonotic Surveillance of <i>Bartonella<\/i> spp.: Exploring the Public Health Risks in Human Settlements"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"72","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2609-7579","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mukesh","family":"Thakur","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Zoological Survey of India  Kolkata India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stanzin","family":"Dolker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zoological Survey of India  Kolkata India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lenrik K.","family":"Wangmo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zoological Survey of India  Kolkata India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Avijit","family":"Ghosh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zoological Survey of India  Kolkata India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nikhil","family":"Dhankhar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Forensic Sciences University  Gandhinagar India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vinaya K.","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zoological Survey of India  Kolkata India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Malay","family":"Shukla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Forensic Sciences University  Gandhinagar India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anandhan","family":"Rameshkumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zoological Survey of India  Kolkata India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Manisha","family":"Biswal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER)  Chandigarh India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dhriti","family":"Banerjee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zoological Survey of India  Kolkata India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bheem Dutt","family":"Joshi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zoological Survey of India  Kolkata India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lalit K.","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zoological Survey of India  Kolkata India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071\u2010018\u20103152\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ansil B. 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