{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T18:10:53Z","timestamp":1789063853057,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,2]],"date-time":"2025-06-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748822400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Zoonoses and Public Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Neuroangiostrongyliasis, caused by <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n<jats:italic>Angiostrongylus cantonensis<\/jats:italic>\n<\/jats:styled-content>, is a globally emerging zoonosis, with Spain being the only endemic country in Europe. Human infection occurs through ingestion of gastropods or paratenic hosts carrying third\u2010stage larvae, often leading to eosinophilic meningoencephalitis. Alternative routes such as the ingestion of gastropod mucus or contaminated water have been proposed as potential routes of infection. Young children, particularly those under 5\u2009years old, are at higher risk of neurological complications. This study aimed to assess the risk of neuroangiostrongyliasis transmission in preschool children at an endemic site in Mallorca through a micro\u2010epidemiological approach.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Gastropods from an area where an infected rat was detected were identified and screened for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n<jats:italic>A. cantonensis<\/jats:italic>\n<\/jats:styled-content>, with parasitic loads quantified via qPCR. Positive samples were digested to confirm the presence of L3. The distribution of infected gastropods was mapped and analysed for spatial clustering. Teacher surveys were conducted to assess exposure risks within the school.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Overall prevalence in gastropods was 7.38%, with only slugs testing positive, showing a higher prevalence (28.2%). <jats:italic>Milax nigricans<\/jats:italic>, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n<jats:italic>Deroceras reticulatum<\/jats:italic>\n<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n<jats:italic>D.\u2009panormitanum<\/jats:italic>\n<\/jats:styled-content> were confirmed as intermediate hosts, with <jats:italic>D<\/jats:italic>.\u2009<jats:italic>panormitanum<\/jats:italic> representing a new global host record. L3 larvae were observed in the three slug species. Larval loads ranged from 1 to 20,000 L3s. Infected slugs exhibited a clustered distribution near the positive rat location. Despite the limited epidemiological surveillance, teacher surveys revealed that children place gastropods in their mouths during outdoor activities.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Multiple risk factors for neuroangiostrongyliasis were identified in an endemic area of Mallorca. Enhanced surveillance, improved diagnostics, treatment protocols and public health interventions are needed to prevent paediatric infections in Spain.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/zph.13228","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,3]],"date-time":"2025-06-03T01:38:45Z","timestamp":1748914725000},"page":"515-522","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Neuroangiostrongyliasis Infection Risk Near Preschool Centres in Mallorca, Spain: A Pilot Micro\u2010Epidemiological Study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"72","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6857-2553","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sebasti\u00e0","family":"Jaume\u2010Ramis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Mediterranean Parasitology and Ecoepidemiology Research Group (PaEMed), Biology Department University of the Balearic Islands  Palma Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Phoebe","family":"Rivory","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science The University of Sydney  Camperdown New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Irene Serra","family":"Vel\u00e1zquez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mediterranean Parasitology and Ecoepidemiology Research Group (PaEMed), Biology Department University of the Balearic Islands  Palma Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1459-9117","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jan","family":"\u0160lapeta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science The University of Sydney  Camperdown New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"Sydney Infectious Diseases Institute The University of Sydney  Camperdown New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9196-3069","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claudia","family":"Paredes\u2010Esquivel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mediterranean Parasitology and Ecoepidemiology Research Group (PaEMed), Biology Department University of the Balearic Islands  Palma Spain"},{"name":"CIBER Enfermedades Infecciosas CIBERINFEC\u2010MICINN\u2010ISCIII  Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","volume-title":"Die Land\u2010und S\u00fcsswassermollusken der Balearischen Inseln. CLECOM project","author":"Beckmann K.\u2010H.","year":"2007"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","volume-title":"Caracoles y Babosas de la Pen\u00ednsula Ib\u00e9rica y Baleares. Nuevas Gu\u00edas de Campo Omega","author":"Cadevall J.","year":"2016"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jpids\/piae113"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","first-page":"6","article-title":"Biology, Systematics, Life Cycle, and Distribution of Angiostrongylus cantonensis, the Cause of Rat Lungworm Disease","volume":"72","author":"Cowie R. H.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Hawaii Journal of Medicine & Public Health"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","first-page":"70","article-title":"Pathways for Transmission of Angiostrongyliasis and the Risk of Disease Associated With Them","volume":"72","author":"Cowie R. H.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Hawai'i Journal of Medicine and Public Health: A Journal of Asia Pacific Medicine and Public Health"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.22\u20100360"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1051\/parasite\/2024069"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436\u2010023\u201007922\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1179\/2046905513Y.0000000106"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1071\/ZO9660275"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2010.02.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/EID2812.220418"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1146-609X(01)01115-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jpc.16780"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0209813"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","first-page":"194","article-title":"Clinical Studies on Angiostrongyliasis Cantonensis Among Children in Taiwan","volume":"22","author":"Hwang K. P.","year":"1991","journal-title":"Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.onehlt.2023.100610"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.19\u20100280"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.4780140809"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436\u2010009\u20101334\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473\u20103099(18)30434\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182020001857"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/CID\/CIT444"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/AJTMH.22\u20100782"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2807\/1560\u20107917.ES.2019.24.33.1900489"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020\u20107519(00)00133\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.onehlt.2023.100628"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.onehlt.2023.100658"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/CID\/CIAA1791"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326\u20105377.2003.tb05623.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436\u2010024\u201008232\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.ONEHLT.2022.100426"}],"container-title":["Zoonoses and Public Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/zph.13228","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T07:41:27Z","timestamp":1756712487000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/zph.13228"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,2]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/zph.13228"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/zph.13228","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1863-1959","1863-2378"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1863-1959","type":"print"},{"value":"1863-2378","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-03-21","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-05-26","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-06-02","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}