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An Australian study investigating environmental risk factors for Buruli ulcer in humans detected the causative agent, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n<jats:italic>Mycobacterium ulcerans<\/jats:italic>\n<\/jats:styled-content>, in the faeces of wild foxes, a novel finding that suggests foxes may be implicated in the transmission of this zoonotic bacterium. The aim of this scoping review was to systematically search and examine the global data for reports implicating foxes in the transmission of zoonotic bacteria to humans. A pre\u2010tested search strategy was implemented in five bibliographic databases (PubMed, Embase, CAB Abstracts, Cochrane Trials, Google Scholar). Eligible studies presented primary research data about zoonotic bacterial diseases that were confirmed or presumed to have been transmitted via foxes (excluding exclusively blood\u2010 or vector\u2010borne bacteria), with no restrictions on geographical setting or publication year. The final dataset included ten primary research articles, with varying study designs, settings, populations and testing methods. The described bacterial zoonoses were anthrax, cutaneous diphtheria, leptospirosis, faecal coliforms including <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n<jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n<\/jats:styled-content>, tularaemia, yersiniosis, and Buruli ulcer (the study that was the impetus for this scoping review). Fox\u2010human bacterial transmission was confirmed in one human case and considered likely to have occurred in certain high\u2010risk groups in another. The likelihood of fox\u2010human transmission having occurred in the remaining studies was possible (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20095) or unlikely (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20093). Identified and hypothesised drivers of fox\u2010human transmission included accidental and occupational factors. Published reports of fox\u2010human transmission of zoonotic bacteria are few, and generally indicative of relatively low risk. However, foxes can transmit zoonotic pathogens including bacteria to humans in a variety of settings, and human\u2010fox encounters are likely to increase with ongoing anthropogenic activities. Further research and public education campaigns would help increase knowledge and awareness of fox\u2010associated zoonoses.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/zph.13230","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,13]],"date-time":"2025-06-13T23:14:36Z","timestamp":1749856476000},"page":"485-500","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["The Role of Foxes in Transmitting Zoonotic Bacteria to Humans: A Scoping Review"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"72","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3363-0223","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emma C.","family":"Hobbs","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Melbourne Veterinary School University of Melbourne  Werribee Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Centre for Innovation in Infectious Disease and Immunology Research (CIIDIR), School of Medicine, Deakin University  Geelong Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bridgette","family":"McNamara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Innovation in Infectious Disease and Immunology Research (CIIDIR), School of Medicine, Deakin University  Geelong Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Barwon South West Public Health Unit Barwon Health  Geelong Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Hayman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Library Service Barwon Health  Geelong Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kim","family":"Blasdell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Australian Centre for Disease Preparedness Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO)  Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eugene","family":"Athan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Innovation in Infectious Disease and Immunology Research (CIIDIR), School of Medicine, Deakin University  Geelong Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Barwon South West Public Health Unit Barwon Health  Geelong Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniel P.","family":"O'Brien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Innovation in Infectious Disease and Immunology Research (CIIDIR), School of Medicine, Deakin University  Geelong Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Barwon South West Public Health Unit Barwon Health  Geelong Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Muleme","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Innovation in Infectious Disease and Immunology Research (CIIDIR), School of Medicine, Deakin University  Geelong Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Barwon South West Public Health Unit Barwon Health  Geelong Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/JCM\u201010\u20102018\u20102908"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1605.091427"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467\u2010017\u201000923\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9781003182351-11"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","unstructured":"AVMA.2024.\u201cDisease Precautions for Hunters.\u201dhttps:\/\/www.avma.org\/resources\/public\u2010health\/disease\u2010precautions\u2010hunters."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","unstructured":"Baker P. 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