{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T01:22:06Z","timestamp":1787016126636,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,28]],"date-time":"2025-08-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756339200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,28]],"date-time":"2025-08-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756339200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008335","name":"Arizona Biomedical Research Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CTR056042"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CTR056042"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008335","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Zoonoses and Public Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Rocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF), a rapidly progressing febrile disease caused by the bacterium\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                        <jats:italic>Rickettsia rickettsii<\/jats:italic>\n                      <\/jats:styled-content>\n                      , is the deadliest tick\u2010borne disease in the world. Human infection initially results in non\u2010specific symptoms and, if untreated, can result in death in up to 35% of cases.\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                        <jats:italic>Rhipicephalus sanguineus<\/jats:italic>\n                      <\/jats:styled-content>\n                      (brown dog tick) was discovered to spread RMSF in Arizona and Northern Mexico in the early 2000s, and the disease is now considered endemic in areas of the Southwestern United States. This study investigates the relationship between canine spotted fever group rickettsial (SFGR) seroprevalence and human RMSF case rates in Arizona.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Canine serum samples were opportunistically collected from 12 counties in Arizona between February 2018 and November 2022. Immunofluorescence assays were employed to determine the anti\u2010SFGR antibody titers in each of the samples, with dilutions \u2265\u20091:64 considered positive. An exponential nonlinear regression was used to determine the association between canine SFGR seroprevalence and human RMSF case rates per 100,000 as reported by the Arizona Department of Health Services.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Of the 423 dogs sampled, 21% (89\/423) were found to be positive for anti\u2010SFGR antibodies. Eight of the 12 counties had seropositive dogs. Geometric mean titers ranged from 64 to 464, with a median of 179. A nonlinear regression model demonstrated a strong association between canine SFGR seropositivity and human RMSF case rates, with the best\u2010fitting model employing RMSF case rates lagged by 1\u2009year. A similar model also showed a significant association between canine SFGR geometric mean titers and RMSF case rates.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Canine SFGR seroprevalence correlates with human RMSF case rates, with RMSF risk rising exponentially as canine SFGR seroprevalence increases. This lends support to the potential use of canine SFGR serology as an epidemiological tool for forecasting RMSF.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/zph.70009","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,29]],"date-time":"2025-08-29T03:35:06Z","timestamp":1756438506000},"page":"697-705","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Canine Spotted Fever Group Rickettsial Seroprevalence as an Indicator for Human Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever Case Rates in Arizona,\n                    <scp>USA<\/scp>"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"72","author":[{"given":"Alec","family":"Oliva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Arizona College of Osteopathic Medicine Midwestern University  Glendale Arizona USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5562-5521","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rachael","family":"Kreisler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Primary Care, Shelter and Community Medicine Midwestern University College of Veterinary Medicine  Glendale Arizona USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Romkema","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Graduate Studies Midwestern University  Glendale Arizona USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Soren","family":"Madsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Arizona College of Osteopathic Medicine Midwestern University  Glendale Arizona USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haley","family":"Furman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine University of Arizona  Tucson Arizona USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher","family":"Maag","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine  Glendale Arizona USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charles","family":"Schaefer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, College of Graduate Studies Midwestern University  Glendale Arizona USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jose A.","family":"Hernandez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Arizona College of Osteopathic Medicine Midwestern University  Glendale Arizona USA"},{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, College of Graduate Studies Midwestern University  Glendale Arizona USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3165-3675","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jung Keun","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Pathology Midwestern University College of Veterinary Medicine  Glendale Arizona USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Quinlan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, College of Graduate Studies Midwestern University  Glendale Arizona USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"VandenBrooks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Applied Arts and Sciences, College of Integrative Arts and Sciences Arizona State University  Tempe Arizona USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","unstructured":"ADHS. n.d.\u201cEpidemiology & Disease Control\u2014Disease Data Statistics & Reports\u2014Data & Statistics Past Years.\u201dAccessed March 9 2025.https:\/\/www.azdhs.gov\/preparedness\/epidemiology\u2010disease\u2010control\/index.php#data\u2010stats\u2010past\u2010years."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18633\/biotecnia.v27.2262"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","unstructured":"Arizona Department of Health Services.2020.\u201cArizona Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever Handbook.\u201dhttps:\/\/www.azdhs.gov\/documents\/preparedness\/epidemiology\u2010disease\u2010control\/rocky\u2010mountain\u2010spotted\u2010fever\/rmsf\u2010handbook.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prevetmed.2024.106185"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2010.00139"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1756\u20103305\u20103\u201026"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2006.6.423"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.inf.0000186289.63000.63"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.15\u20100472"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/zph.12666"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.23.07.0377"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5326\/15473317\u201037\u20101\u201041"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1985.186.05.465"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0972\u20109062.310863"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2017.2228"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0115105"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1863\u20102378.2009.01300.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1374.102"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0000338"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/zph.12642"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2009.0250"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/civ115"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1982.00340190062012"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/zph.12517"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2014.1592"}],"container-title":["Zoonoses and Public Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/zph.70009","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/zph.70009","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/zph.70009","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,18]],"date-time":"2026-02-18T04:27:56Z","timestamp":1771388876000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/zph.70009"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,28]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/zph.70009"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/zph.70009","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1863-1959","1863-2378"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1863-1959","type":"print"},{"value":"1863-2378","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,28]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-03-27","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-08-14","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-08-28","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}