{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T02:06:12Z","timestamp":1791511572937,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Zoonoses and Public Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Dogs are the primary reservoir for\n                      <jats:italic>Leishmania infantum<\/jats:italic>\n                      , a zoonotic, vector\u2010borne pathogen that causes severe disease in people and dogs. International movement of dogs represents a risk for the introduction of\n                      <jats:italic>L. infantum<\/jats:italic>\n                      into nonendemic countries. Knowing the\n                      <jats:italic>Leishmania<\/jats:italic>\n                      status of the countries a dog has visited allows veterinary and public health professionals to more accurately assess the dog's leishmaniosis risk and take appropriate public health action. The aim of this review was to create a centralised source of information on leishmaniosis risk at the country level to support such assessments.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We reviewed literature and reports published from 2019 to 2023 relating to canine leishmaniosis,\n                      <jats:italic>L. infantum<\/jats:italic>\n                      , and the distribution of sandflies. We developed a scoring system and assigned a risk category to each country, ranging from \u2018no evidence of risk\u2019 to \u2018high risk\u2019.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We scored 91 countries as moderate or high risk, 107 as low risk or no evidence of risk and 44 had no data available. Among the countries scored, data availability was often limited.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This review represents a valuable centralised source of information on canine leishmaniosis risk to support public health assessments. Assessments would benefit from improved surveillance and reporting, especially systematic serosurveillance in dogs and inclusion of\n                      <jats:italic>Leishmania<\/jats:italic>\n                      species information in reports of human disease.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/zph.70010","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T07:36:02Z","timestamp":1756712162000},"page":"706-712","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Country\u2010Level Canine Leishmaniosis Risk: A Literature Review, 2019\u20132023"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"72","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8511-8072","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Samantha","family":"Swisher","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Global Migration Health Centers for Disease Control and Prevention  Atlanta Georgia USA"},{"name":"Epidemic Intelligence Service, Public Health Infrastructure Center Centers for Disease Control and Prevention  Atlanta Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sheena","family":"Tarrant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Global Migration Health Centers for Disease Control and Prevention  Atlanta Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kaitlyn","family":"Krus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Global Migration Health Centers for Disease Control and Prevention  Atlanta Georgia USA"},{"name":"Epidemiology Elective Program, Public Health Infrastructure Center Centers for Disease Control and Prevention  Atlanta Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-5808-0081","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francis","family":"Chu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Global Migration Health Centers for Disease Control and Prevention  Atlanta Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne","family":"Carroll","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Global Migration Health Centers for Disease Control and Prevention  Atlanta Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-7853-8934","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tucker","family":"Colvin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Global Migration Health Centers for Disease Control and Prevention  Atlanta Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6893-7172","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jennifer J.","family":"Fowler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Global Migration Health Centers for Disease Control and Prevention  Atlanta Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helen","family":"MacGregor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Global Migration Health Centers for Disease Control and Prevention  Atlanta Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-3325-2706","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kenneth","family":"Onyewurunwa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Global Migration Health Centers for Disease Control and Prevention  Atlanta Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Taetzsch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Global Migration Health Centers for Disease Control and Prevention  Atlanta Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7314-916X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrew","family":"Abbott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria Centers for Disease Control and Prevention  Atlanta Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne","family":"Straily","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria Centers for Disease Control and Prevention  Atlanta Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7735-6051","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emily","family":"Pieracci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Global Migration Health Centers for Disease Control and Prevention  Atlanta Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0035671"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.2024.\u201cDestinations.\u201dhttps:\/\/wwwnc.cdc.gov\/travel\/destinations\/list."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","unstructured":"Department of Health and Human Services.2024.\u201c42 CFR 71: Control of Communicable Diseases; Foreign Quarantine; Importation of Dogs and Cats.\u201dhttps:\/\/www.federalregister.gov\/documents\/2024\/05\/13\/2024\u201009676\/control\u2010of\u2010communicable\u2010diseases\u2010foreign\u2010quarantine\u2010importation\u2010of\u2010dogs\u2010and\u2010cats."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","unstructured":"European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control.2023.\u201cPhlebotomine Sandfly Maps.\u201dhttps:\/\/www.ecdc.europa.eu\/en\/disease\u2010vectors\/surveillance\u2010and\u2010disease\u2010data\/phlebotomine\u2010maps."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2806.211746"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.16071"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jtm\/taac046"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid3012.231084"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1863\u20102378.2008.01117.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cimid.2024.102211"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2022.106710"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1756\u20103305\u20104\u201086"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2905.221812"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization.2010.\u201cGeographical Distribution of Leishmania Spp. \u2013 L. Infantum.\u201dhttps:\/\/www.irycis.org\/media\/upload\/arxius\/Documentacion\/Leishmaniasis\/LEISHMANIA%20SPECIES\/L.%20infantum.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization.2025.\u201cThe Global Health Observatory: Status of Endemicity of Visceral Leishmaniasis.\u201dhttps:\/\/www.who.int\/data\/gho\/data\/indicators\/indicator\u2010details\/GHO\/status\u2010of\u2010endemicity\u2010of\u2010visceral\u2010leishmaniasis."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","unstructured":"World Organisation for Animal Health.2025.\u201cWorld Animal Health Information System (WAHIS).\u201dhttps:\/\/wahis.woah.org\/#\/event\u2010management."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071\u2010020\u201004407\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/vetr.2996"}],"container-title":["Zoonoses and Public Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/zph.70010","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/zph.70010","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/zph.70010","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,18]],"date-time":"2026-02-18T04:27:45Z","timestamp":1771388865000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/zph.70010"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/zph.70010"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/zph.70010","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1863-1959","1863-2378"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1863-1959","type":"print"},{"value":"1863-2378","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-05-26","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-08-19","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-09-01","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}