{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T03:05:48Z","timestamp":1791255948269,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759968000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759968000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Zoonoses and Public Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Despite international efforts to monitor antimicrobial (AAM) use, gaps persist, especially in Colombia's livestock sector. Therefore, this study aims to assign Defined Daily Doses (DDDCo) and Defined Course Doses (DCDCo) for cattle in Colombia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A systematic search was performed from the online veterinary products registry database to identify veterinary products containing at least one AAM, marketed in Colombia for use in cattle, between 2023 and 2024. The monograph was retrieved from the label, and standard weights were applied to compute doses if required. DDDCo and DCDCo were assigned by calculating an average of daily and course doses, respectively. Overall, 856 records containing at least one AAM were listed as active for the market.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 321 injectable parenteral medications and 32 oral parenteral products were identified. For non\u2010systemic use, the medications included 89 intramammary, 14 intrauterine, and 38 topical formulations. DDDCo and DCDCo values were assigned successfully for each AAM identified by route of administration.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study systematically assigned DDD and DCD to quantify antibiotic use in Colombian cattle, highlighting 90% comparability with Canada and Europe but noting differences in administration routes, drug combinations, and cattle weight assumptions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/zph.70017","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T04:24:38Z","timestamp":1760070278000},"page":"735-746","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Colombian Standards for Antimicrobial Dosing in Cattle: Establishing Defined Daily Doses and Defined Course Doses"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"72","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2782-1362","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brahian Camilo","family":"Tuberquia\u2010L\u00f3pez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CENTAURO Research Group, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agrarian Sciences Universidad de Antioquia UdeA  Medell\u00edn Colombia"},{"name":"GINVER Research Group, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria Corporaci\u00f3n Universitaria Remington  Medell\u00edn Colombia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8836-8827","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nathalia M.","family":"Correa\u2010Valencia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CENTAURO Research Group, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agrarian Sciences Universidad de Antioquia UdeA  Medell\u00edn Colombia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2024.1444781"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2019.00220"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s42770\u2010024\u201001396\u2010w"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkt443"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598\u2010019\u201050225\u2010w"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7705\/biomedica.7065"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4315\/0362\u2010028X.JFP\u201014\u2010349"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/zph.12192"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4315\/0362\u2010028X.JFP\u201011\u2010458"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","unstructured":"European Medicine Agency.2014.\u201cPrinciples on Assignment of Defined Daily Dose for Animals (DDDvet) and Defined Course Dose For Animals (DCDvet).\u201dhttps:\/\/www.ema.europa.eu\/en\/documents\/other\/defined\u2010daily\u2010doses\u2010animals\u2010dddvet\u2010and\u2010defined\u2010course\u2010doses\u2010animals\u2010dcdvet\u2010european\u2010surveillance\u2010veterinary\u2010antimicrobial\u2010consumption\u2010esvac_en.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","unstructured":"European Medicine Agency.2016.\u201cDefined Daily Doses for Animals (DDDvet) and Defined Course Doses for Animals (DCDvet).\u201dhttps:\/\/www.ema.europa.eu\/en\/documents\/other\/defined\u2010daily\u2010doses\u2010animals\u2010dddvet\u2010and\u2010defined\u2010course\u2010doses\u2010animals\u2010dcdvet\u2010european\u2010surveillance\u2010veterinary\u2010antimicrobial\u2010consumption\u2010esvac_en.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","unstructured":"European Medicine Agency.2018. \u201cGuidance on Collection and Provision of National Data on Antimicrobial Use by Animal Species\/Categories.\u201dhttps:\/\/www.ema.europa.eu\/en\/documents\/scientific\u2010guideline\/guidance\u2010collection\u2010and\u2010provision\u2010national\u2010data\u2010antimicrobial\u2010use\u2010animal\u2010speciescategories_en.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","unstructured":"European Medicines Agency\u2010European Surveillance of Veterinary Antimicrobial Consumption.2022.\u201cSales of Veterinary Antimicrobial Agents in 31 European Countries in 2022 Trends From 2010 to 2022 Thirteenth ESVAC Report.\u201dhttps:\/\/www.ema.europa.eu\/en\/documents\/report\/sales\u2010veterinary\u2010antimicrobial\u2010agents\u201031\u2010european\u2010countries\u20102022\u2010trends\u20102010\u20102022\u2010thirteenth\u2010esvac\u2010report_en.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2022.913197"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0245105"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118675014"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.11144\/Javeriana.SC25\u20103.coar"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","volume-title":"Observatorio Nacional de Salud, Memorias Reuni\u00f3n de Expertos Carga de la Resistencia Antimicrobiana en Colombia","author":"Instituto Nacional de 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Microbiology Laboratory Database Software.\u201dhttps:\/\/whonet.org\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_35_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization (WHO).2016.\u201cGlobal Action Plan on Antimicrobial Resistance.\u201dhttps:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/i\/item\/9789241509763."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_36_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization (WHO).2023.\u201cAWaRe Classification of Antibiotics for Evaluation and Monitoring of Use.\u201dhttps:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/i\/item\/WHO\u2010MHP\u2010HPS\u2010EML\u20102023.04."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_37_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization (WHO).2024.\u201cGuidelines for ATC Classification and DDD Assignment 2024.\u201dhttps:\/\/atcddd.fhi.no\/filearchive\/publications\/2024_guidelines__final_web.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_38_1","unstructured":"World Organization for Animal Health (WHO).2022.\u201cAnexo: Conversi\u00f3n el Contenido de los Ingredientes Activos de Antimicrobianos de los Medicamentos Veterinarios en 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