{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T00:19:32Z","timestamp":1778631572887,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,16]],"date-time":"2025-11-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763251200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CB 2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CB 2021"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010067","name":"Gobierno de Arag\u00f3n","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AR15_23R"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AR15_23R"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010067","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Zoonoses and Public Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Introduction<\/jats:title>\n \n Leishmaniosis is a sand fly\u2010borne zoonosis mainly caused by\n Leishmania infantum<\/jats:italic>\n in Europe. Exposure to this protozoan has been widely reported in many domestic and wild species. However, epidemiological surveys evaluating the circulation of\n L. infantum<\/jats:italic>\n in zoo\u2010kept animals remain limited.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n \n \n This large\u2010scale study aims to evaluate the seroprevalence of\n L. infantum<\/jats:italic>\n in zoo\u2010kept species in Spain as well as alterations in serum protein levels in\n L. infantum<\/jats:italic>\n \u2010seropositive individuals, to identify potential risk factors associated with\n L. infantum<\/jats:italic>\n exposure, and to assess the dynamics of seropositivity in animals longitudinally sampled during the study period.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n Between 2007 and 2023, serum samples from 429 zoo\u2010kept animals belonging to 72 species were collected in nine zoos in Spain using convenience sampling. Additionally, 29 of these individuals from six of the tested zoos were also longitudinally sampled.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n Anti\u2010\n L. infantum<\/jats:italic>\n antibodies were detected in 22 (5.1%; 95% CI: 3.0\u20137.2) of the 429 animals using an in\u2010house ELISA, as well as in 13.9% (10\/72) and 66.7% (6\/9) of the species and zoos tested, respectively. Serum protein electrophoresis analyses revealed that polyclonal gammopathy was the most common alteration in\n L. infantum<\/jats:italic>\n \u2010seropositive individuals. Three animals longitudinally surveyed seroconverted throughout the study period. The multivariate analysis identified the family Canidae as a risk factor for\n L. infantum<\/jats:italic>\n exposure.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n \n Our results indicate a moderate, widespread and endemic circulation of\n L. infantum<\/jats:italic>\n in zoo\u2010kept animals from Spain, which may be of animal health, conservation, and public health concern. Surveillance programs and control measures should be implemented in zoos to minimise the exposure of these species to\n Leishmania<\/jats:italic>\n spp., particularly in hotspot areas.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/zph.70024","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,17]],"date-time":"2025-11-17T04:44:06Z","timestamp":1763354646000},"page":"65-73","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Serosurveillance of\n Leishmania infantum<\/i>\n in Zoo\u2010Kept Animals in Spain"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"73","author":[{"given":"Jes\u00fas","family":"Barbero\u2010Moyano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Grupo de Investigaci\u00f3n en Sanidad Animal y Zoonosis (GISAZ), UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes ENZOEM Universidad de C\u00f3rdoba C\u00f3rdoba 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Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-9757-3840","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pablo","family":"Quilez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Patolog\u00eda Animal Universidad de Zaragoza Zaragoza Spain"},{"name":"Laboratorio de Inmunopatolog\u00eda Cl\u00ednica Universidad de Zaragoza Zaragoza Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adri\u00e1n","family":"Beato\u2010Ben\u00edtez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Grupo de Investigaci\u00f3n en Sanidad Animal y Zoonosis (GISAZ), UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes ENZOEM Universidad de C\u00f3rdoba C\u00f3rdoba Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Javier","family":"Mart\u00ednez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bioparc Valencia Valencia 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