{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T16:48:38Z","timestamp":1790268518256,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,15]],"date-time":"2026-02-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771113600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,15]],"date-time":"2026-02-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771113600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010067","name":"Gobierno de Arag\u00f3n","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["LMP90_21"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LMP90_21"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010067","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Zoonoses and Public Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Human activities play a significant role in the emergence of infectious diseases. We aimed to test whether artificial irrigation affects the occurrence of a zoonotic bacteria sensitive to desiccation, pathogenic\n                      <jats:italic>Leptospira<\/jats:italic>\n                      species (pathoLep), in micromammals inhabiting Mediterranean ecosystems.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 361 individuals, including 217 Algerian mice (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                        <jats:italic>Mus spretus<\/jats:italic>\n                      <\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ), 79 wood mice (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                        <jats:italic>Apodemus sylvaticus<\/jats:italic>\n                      <\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ), and 65 greater white\u2010toothed shrews (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                        <jats:italic>Crocidura russula<\/jats:italic>\n                      <\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ), were captured during the four seasons of 2022 in six sites along a riparian forest close to a large city in north\u2010eastern Spain and the surrounding agricultural fields, which are irrigated by flooding. A piece of kidney from each individual was analysed by means of two real\u2010time PCR protocols targeting the\n                      <jats:italic>lipL32<\/jats:italic>\n                      gene, which is exclusively found in pathoLep. Generalised Linear Models were used to study the factors that may be related to the presence of pathoLep.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>DNA of pathoLep was detected in 28% of the individuals, a relatively high occurrence compared to similar studies. The best model for the general micromammal population included four significant factors: season, age, species, and habitat. Prevalence was significantly lower during the dry seasons; in juveniles than in adult individuals; in the wood mouse than in the Algerian mouse and the shrew; and in natural than in agricultural habitats. Prevalence was consistently higher in agricultural habitats during all the seasons, reaching over 55% prevalence in these areas during spring. For the core species, the Algerian mouse, the best model included two factors (seasons and habitat), in the same sense as the general population model.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study shows that pathoLep are widespread among micromammals in the Middle Ebro Valley and that their occurrence is shaped by intrinsic and extrinsic factors. We identified a human activity (artificial irrigation) as an important driver favouring leptospiral survival in rural environments.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/zph.70043","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,16]],"date-time":"2026-02-16T04:34:18Z","timestamp":1771216458000},"page":"218-225","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Artificial Irrigation Impacts the Seasonal Occurrence of Pathogenic\n                    <i>Leptospira<\/i>\n                    in Its Wild Reservoirs in a Mediterranean Environment"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"73","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5897-8579","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristina","family":"Ruiz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria de Arag\u00f3n  Zaragoza Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8435-6386","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ruth","family":"Rodr\u00edguez\u2010Pastor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Agroalimentario de Arag\u00f3n\u2010IA2 (Universidad de Zaragoza\u2010CITA)  Zaragoza Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6132-893X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristina","family":"Escolar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Certest Biotec S.L. Pol. Industrial R\u00edo G\u00e1llego II  San Mateo de G\u00e1llego Zaragoza Spain"},{"name":"Department of Animal Production and Food Science, Facultad de Veterinaria Universidad de Zaragoza  Zaragoza Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9081-3982","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Henar","family":"Alonso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Certest Biotec S.L. Pol. Industrial R\u00edo G\u00e1llego II  San Mateo de G\u00e1llego Zaragoza Spain"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Facultad de Medicina Universidad de Zaragoza  Zaragoza Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5608-781X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Javier","family":"Mill\u00e1n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Agroalimentario de Arag\u00f3n\u2010IA2 (Universidad de Zaragoza\u2010CITA)  Zaragoza Spain"},{"name":"Fundaci\u00f3n ARAID  Zaragoza Spain"},{"name":"One Health Institute, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida Universidad Andres Bello  Santiago Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2009.03.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0007499"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00480169.1977.34369"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2020.104241"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7589\/2013\u201010\u2010261"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0205068"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","first-page":"1973","volume-title":"Molecular Medical Microbiology","author":"Fraga T. 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