{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T17:23:26Z","timestamp":1783013006884,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]],"date-time":"2026-03-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773100800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]],"date-time":"2026-03-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773100800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Zoonoses and Public Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Introduction<\/jats:title>\n \n \n Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n is a gram\u2010positive, rod\u2010shaped bacterium that can cause infections in livestock, marine mammals and humans. Human infections are traditionally affiliated with occupational exposures to\n \n E. rhusiopathiae<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n through farming, butchering, or cooking. In July 2024, the Minnesota Department of Health was notified of two\n \n E. rhusiopathiae<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n infections in the Minneapolis\u2010St. Paul metropolitan area. Concerned about a possible outbreak, an investigation was initiated to determine the possible source(s) of infection.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n Epidemiologists conducted reiterative, semi\u2010structured interviews with the families of each case\u2010patient. Cultures were forwarded to the MDH Public Health Laboratory for next\u2010generation sequencing to determine the relatedness of the two samples, and additional queries of electronic health records (EHRs) were utilised to detect any additional cases of\n \n E. rhusiopathiae<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n occurring in the Minneapolis\u2010St. Paul area.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n Both case\u2010patients were adults from the Hmong community with underlying health conditions that presented to emergency care on two separate occasions. Interviews with the case\u2010patients' families elucidated that they may have had direct or indirect exposures to raw or undercooked meat, possibly from a live animal market, but otherwise had no similar exposures. At MDH\u2010PHL, the isolates were confirmed as\n \n E. rhusiopathiae<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n and were noted to be 23,328 single nucleotide polymorphisms different. No additional case\u2010patients were identified through a query of EHRs.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n \n Given the lack of an epidemiological linkage and no apparent genetic relatedness of these two samples, epidemiologists considered these cases to likely not be part of an outbreak. While the true source of infection for these cases could not be determined, interviews helped elucidate possible exposure routes of infection, including contact with undercooked meat or environmental exposure to surfaces contaminated by raw meat. Given its rarity,\n \n E. rhusiopathiae<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n cases should be studied when they occur to establish greater epidemiological and molecular evidence to support future outbreak investigations of the pathogen.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/zph.70053","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]],"date-time":"2026-03-11T04:27:02Z","timestamp":1773203222000},"page":"415-421","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Two Sporadic Cases of\n Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae<\/i>\n Infection, Minnesota 2024"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"73","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-4986-1862","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kelly E.","family":"Schenk","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Applied Epidemiology Fellowship Council for State and Territorial Epidemiologists Atlanta Georgia USA"},{"name":"Minnesota Department of Health St. Paul Minnesota USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey","family":"Kubiak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Minnesota Medical Center Minneapolis Minnesota USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer L.","family":"Dale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Minnesota Department of Health St. Paul Minnesota USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nate","family":"Wright","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Minnesota Department of Health St. Paul Minnesota USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jemee","family":"Moua","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Minnesota Department of Health St. Paul Minnesota USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paula Snippes","family":"Vagnone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Minnesota Department of Health St. Paul Minnesota USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patricia","family":"Ferrieri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Minnesota Medical Center Minneapolis Minnesota USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Malia","family":"Ireland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Minnesota Department of Health St. Paul Minnesota USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kirk","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Minnesota Department of Health St. Paul Minnesota USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stacy","family":"Holzbauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Minnesota Department of Health St. Paul Minnesota USA"},{"name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Career Field Epidemiology Officer Program Atlanta Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/00222615\u201048\u20109\u2010789"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2023.1303235"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/civ618"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/10.2.317"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2001.131179"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.02031\u201018"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0378\u20101135(01)00311\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/zph.12679"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.00130\u201017"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2012.08.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.2.4.354"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18683\/germs.2022.1303"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/mgen.0.000412"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/zph.12348"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","first-page":"193","article-title":"Diagnosis and Successful Treatment of Subacute Erysipelas in a Captive Dolphin","volume":"54","author":"Thurman G. 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