{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,6]],"date-time":"2026-05-06T04:15:12Z","timestamp":1778040912830,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]],"date-time":"2026-04-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775779200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]],"date-time":"2026-04-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775779200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000199","name":"U.S. Department of Agriculture","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1016738"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1016738"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000199","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000199","name":"U.S. Department of Agriculture","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["7000433"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["7000433"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000199","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005825","name":"National Institute of Food and Agriculture","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005825","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Zoonoses and Public Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Introduction<\/jats:title>\n To address concerns about livestock as a source of antimicrobial\u2010resistant bacteria and genes, there have been many recent efforts worldwide to study prescribing practices, optimal antibiotic use, and alternatives to antibiotic use. However, there is empirical evidence supporting the persistence of antimicrobial resistance genes at high densities in cattle pens for at least 2\u2009years after cattle were removed.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n We describe a mathematical modelling framework to predict and explore the dynamics of antimicrobial\u2010resistant enteric bacteria in food\u2010producing animals and their immediate environments. Using the difference equation based compartmental modelling framework, we algebraically derive a formula for the relative rate of growth of antimicrobial\u2010resistant enteric bacteria in the environment (\n R<\/jats:italic>\n \n AMR<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:sup>\n ).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n We demonstrate that\n R<\/jats:italic>\n \n AMR<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:sup>\n >\u20091 (i.e.\n ,<\/jats:italic>\n growth) of tetracycline\u2010resistant\n \n Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n in feedlot environments can occur under a range of plausible conditions, even in the absence of antimicrobial use in the feedlot cattle. Our model can reproduce data observed under field conditions showing rapid growth of tetracycline\u2010resistant\n \n E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n in the environment despite no antimicrobials being used. Finally, we demonstrate that generic hygiene measures such as scraping pen floors are likely to reduce the density of tetracycline\u2010resistant\n \n E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n in the farm environment considerably, especially in cold climates.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n Farm environments such as beef cattle feedlots may be conducive to persistence or even growth of antimicrobial resistant bacteria under a wide range of plausible conditions, even in the absence of antimicrobial use. The system may be quite resilient, and even stringent cleaning will likely not be sufficient to eliminate resistant bacteria from the environment in some climates, especially where freeze\u2013thaw cycles are uncommon.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/zph.70054","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,11]],"date-time":"2026-04-11T04:18:31Z","timestamp":1775881111000},"page":"358-369","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Interventions Targeting the Beef Feedlot Environment to Control Antimicrobial Resistance: A Mathematical Modelling Study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"73","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7634-3331","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wendy Anne","family":"Beauvais","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine Cornell University Ithaca New York USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9903-5283","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Getahun Ejeta","family":"Agga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Food Animal Environmental Systems Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture Bowling Green Kentucky USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Terrance","family":"Arthur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture Clay Center Nebraska USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John William","family":"Schmidt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture Clay Center Nebraska USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rachel","family":"Jennings","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine Cornell University Ithaca New York USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Renata","family":"Ivanek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine Cornell University Ithaca New York USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0212510"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.01928\u201016"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/fpd.2020.2851"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","volume-title":"Feedlot Manure in Agricultural Production: Costs and Application Rates","author":"Araji A. 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C. F.Bretz S.Amosson P.Warminski andT.Marek. n.d.\u201cEconomic Analysis of Manure Harvesting Equipment in Feedyards for Dust Control.\u201dBeef Cattle Research in Texas 2009\u20132010 19."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","volume-title":"R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing","author":"R Core Team","year":"2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2134\/jeq2015.04.0207"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574\u20106941.2007.00306.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1175\/JTECH\u2010D\u201017\u20100181.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/es102725n"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","unstructured":"U.S. Food & Drug Administration.2021.\u201cFact Sheet: Veterinary Feed Directive Final Rule and Next Steps.\u201dhttps:\/\/www.fda.gov\/animal\u2010veterinary\/development\u2010approval\u2010process\/fact\u2010sheet\u2010veterinary\u2010feed\u2010directive\u2010final\u2010rule\u2010and\u2010next\u2010steps."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S095026881700084X"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0036738"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep02463"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00285\u2010013\u20100707\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","unstructured":"Wilkinson D.2018.\u201csmfsb: Stochastic Modelling for Systems Biology.\u201dR package Version 1.3.https:\/\/CRAN.R\u2010project.org\/package=smfsb."}],"container-title":["Zoonoses and Public Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/zph.70054","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/zph.70054","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/zph.70054","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/zph.70054","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,6]],"date-time":"2026-05-06T04:01:07Z","timestamp":1778040067000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/zph.70054"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/zph.70054"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/zph.70054","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1863-1959","1863-2378"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1863-1959","type":"print"},{"value":"1863-2378","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-10-26","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-02-23","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-04-10","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}