{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T09:58:55Z","timestamp":1790935135079,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784678400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784678400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003196","name":"Ministero della Salute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["IZS SI RC 06\/23"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IZS SI RC 06\/23"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003196","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003196","name":"Ministero della Salute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["GR\u20102019\u201012369134"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GR\u20102019\u201012369134"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003196","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Zoonoses and Public Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Canine leishmaniosis (CanL) has shown a marked geographic expansion in Italy, progressively affecting central and northern regions previously considered non\u2010endemic. Laboratory\u2010based prevalence estimates remain informative in well\u2010designed surveys; however, prevalence derived from diagnostic submissions may be influenced by study design (e.g., convenience sampling and clinical bias), diagnostic performance and cut\u2010offs, and incomplete demographic denominators, limiting representativeness and comparability.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We estimated a provincial incidence proxy for CanL during 2022\u20132023 by combining newly diagnosed cases from routine diagnostic submissions with canine population approximations derived from ISTAT demographic data, applying a baseline dog\u2010to\u2010human ratio of 1:5. Rates were expressed as cases per 10,000 dogs and provinces were classified into five predefined operational risk categories. Robustness was assessed through alternative denominator scenarios (1:4 and 1:6), a restricted registry\u2010based regional analysis in SINAC\u2010covered regions, and descriptive comparison with independent epidemiological, entomological, and ecological evidence.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Incidence estimates revealed substantial heterogeneity across Italy, ranging from 0 to nearly 500 cases per 10,000 dogs. Overall, 49 provinces (45.4%) were classified as minimal risk, 30 (27.8%) as low risk, 21 (19.4%) as moderate risk, 4 (3.7%) as high risk, and 4 (3.7%) as very high risk. Most minimal and low\u2010category provinces were located in northern and central Italy, whereas higher categories were predominantly observed in Southern Italy and Sicily; however, very high provinces were also identified in North\u2010Western Italy (Liguria), notably Imperia and Savona. While absolute provincial values were sensitive to denominator assumptions, registry\u2010based analyses in SINAC\u2010covered regions preserved the regional ranking of incidence, supporting the framework mainly for broad spatial prioritisation rather than precise estimation of absolute burden.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Integrating an incidence proxy alongside prevalence provides a pragmatic surveillance tool for spatial prioritisation and risk communication under real\u2010world constraints. The framework is most informative for identifying higher\u2010burden areas and supporting proportionate prevention and control strategies, especially when interpreted together with registry\u2010based restricted analyses and independent external evidence. Within a One\u2010Health perspective, incidence\u2010based indicators in canine surveillance can improve comparability with routinely used human notification metrics and support coordinated planning across sectors, while remaining distinct in epidemiological meaning between hosts.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/zph.70078","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T07:10:13Z","timestamp":1784704213000},"page":"584-593","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Canine Leishmaniosis in Italy: Geospatial Trends and Incidence, a Shift in Epidemiological Approach"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"73","author":[{"given":"Federica","family":"Bruno","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"WOAH Leishmania Reference Laboratory Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Della Sicilia  Palermo Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0464-4474","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Germano","family":"Castelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"WOAH Leishmania Reference Laboratory Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Della Sicilia  Palermo Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1045-3359","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eugenia","family":"Oliveri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"WOAH Leishmania Reference Laboratory Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Della Sicilia  Palermo Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gaetano","family":"Oliva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production University of Naples \u201cFederico II\u201d  Naples Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0466-5563","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mariele","family":"De Santi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production University of Naples \u201cFederico II\u201d  Naples Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudia","family":"La Rocca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production University of Naples \u201cFederico II\u201d  Naples Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ornella","family":"Melideo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Elanco Italia S.P.A.  Sesto Fiorentino Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Ripamonti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Elanco Italia S.P.A.  Sesto Fiorentino Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0947-853X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesco","family":"La Russa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"WOAH Leishmania Reference Laboratory Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Della Sicilia  Palermo Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7777-1469","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Liliana","family":"Di Pasquale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"WOAH Leishmania Reference Laboratory Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Della Sicilia  Palermo Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonella","family":"Galante","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"WOAH Leishmania Reference Laboratory Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Della Sicilia  Palermo Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-5268-3551","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roberto","family":"Hamel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"WOAH Leishmania Reference Laboratory Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Della Sicilia  Palermo Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-2325-3008","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giorgio","family":"Schiera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"WOAH Leishmania Reference Laboratory Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Della Sicilia  Palermo Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marzio","family":"Cometa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"WOAH Leishmania Reference Laboratory Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Della Sicilia  Palermo Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8239-1679","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Silvia","family":"Scibetta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"WOAH Leishmania Reference Laboratory Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Della Sicilia  Palermo Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefano","family":"Reale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"WOAH Leishmania Reference Laboratory Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Della Sicilia  Palermo Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabrizio","family":"Vitale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"WOAH Leishmania Reference Laboratory Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Della Sicilia  Palermo Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/tbed\/4426385"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","unstructured":"Barlozzari G. 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