{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T06:01:58Z","timestamp":1789624918929,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789516800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789516800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Zoonoses and Public Health"],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    In a context of food security of animal consumption and diversification of protein sources, we have studied the risks to contract metazoan parasites through the consumption of \u2018gros\u2010gris\u2019 snails (\n                    <jats:italic>Cornu aspersum maximum<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) sampled in 12 French farms. The dissection of 361 adult snails, born and reared in France, revealed a very low parasite prevalence of 0.55% [Confidence interval: 0.15%\u20132.00%]. Each of the two parasitized snails harboured a single larva of the trematode\n                    <jats:italic>Brachylaima<\/jats:italic>\n                    at the metacercarial stage in its kidney. For its development,\n                    <jats:italic>Brachylaima<\/jats:italic>\n                    requires the presence of both terrestrial gastropods (first and second intermediate hosts) and vertebrates (definitive hosts) such as rodents and birds which faeces contain parasite' eggs. As for these vertebrate hosts, humans can be infected through the ingestion of parasitized snails and then harboured the parasite at an adult stage in the intestine, which could lead to digestive pathology. Our preliminary results suggest however very limited parasitological risks of the consumption of snails if they are born and reared in France, contrarily to wild snails from the subspecies\n                    <jats:italic>C.\u2009aspersum aspersum<\/jats:italic>\n                    (\u2018petit\u2010gris\u2019), frequently found infected not only by\n                    <jats:italic>Brachylaima<\/jats:italic>\n                    , but also by nematodes and mites. In order to avoid snail contamination in helicicultures as much as possible, we recommend preventing intrusion of vertebrates, potentially parasitized, in the parks.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/zph.70095","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T05:05:13Z","timestamp":1789621513000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Minor Risk to Contract Metazoan Parasites via the Consumption of Edible Snails, Born and Reared in France"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4541-7507","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claudia","family":"Gerard","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"UMR CNRS ECOBIO, Faculty of Sciences University of Rennes  Rennes France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Armelle","family":"Ansart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UMR CNRS ECOBIO, Faculty of Sciences University of Rennes  Rennes France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","unstructured":"Agreste.2024.\u201cBaisse de la consommation de viande en France en 2023.\u201d Agreste Synth\u00e8ses Conjoncturelles 424.https:\/\/www.franceagrimer.fr."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022149X22000645"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.2307\/3284227","article-title":"Parasitology Meets Ecology on Its Own Terms: Margolis Revisited","volume":"83","author":"Bush A. O.","year":"1997","journal-title":"Journal of Parasitology"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1071\/MA16012","article-title":"Children, Snails and Worms: The Brachylaima cribbi Story","volume":"37","author":"Butcher A. R.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Microbiologia Australia"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1010616920412","article-title":"Description of the Life\u2010Cycle Stages of Brachylaima cribbi n. sp. (Digenea: Brachylaimidae) Derived From Eggs Recovered From Human Faeces in Australia","volume":"49","author":"Butcher A. R.","year":"2001","journal-title":"Systematic Parasitology"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7519(97)84372-X","article-title":"First Report of the Isolation of an Adult Worm of the Genus Brachylaima (Digenea: Brachylaimidae), From the Gastrointestinal Tract of a Human","volume":"28","author":"Butcher A. R.","year":"1998","journal-title":"International Journal for Parasitology"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1093\/mollus\/54.2.209","article-title":"Snail Farming: A Survey of Breeding Management, Hygiene and Parasitism of the Garden Snail, \n                     Helix aspersa\n                   M\u00fcller","volume":"54","author":"Cabaret J.","year":"1988","journal-title":"Journal of Molluscan Studies"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cz\/zoaf022"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jzo.13012"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","unstructured":"Dufour A. andP.Falcone.2022.\u201cMission d'appui et de conseil \u00e0 la production d'escargots.\u201d Rapport n\u00b021 130\u2010P. du Conseil G\u00e9n\u00e9ral de l'Alimentation de l'Agriculture et des Espaces Ruraux (CGAAER). Minist\u00e8re de l'Agriculture et de la Souverainet\u00e9 Alimentaire 51."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2020.04.041","article-title":"Listeria monocytogenes\n                   Induced Dysbiosis in Snails and Rebiosis Achieved by Administration of the Gut Commensal \n                     Lactobacillus plantarum\n                   Sgs14 Strain","volume":"104","author":"Dushku E.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Fish and Shellfish Immunology"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1179\/2046905513Y.0000000106","article-title":"Severe Eosinophilic Meningitis Owing to \n                     Angiostrongylus cantonensis\n                   in Young Jamaican Children: Case Report and Literature Review","volume":"34","author":"Evans\u2010Gilbert T.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Paediatrics and International Child Health"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2015.06.013","article-title":"Praziquantel Efficacy Against Brachylaima sp. Metacercariae (Trematoda: Brachylaimidae) Parasitizing the Edible Landsnail Cornu aspersum and Its HPLC\u2010MS\/MS Residue Determination","volume":"157","author":"G\u00e1llego L.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Experimental Parasitology"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1051\/parasite\/2020012"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1051\/parasite\/2023001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1305","DOI":"10.1645\/GE-821R.1","article-title":"Life Cycle and Description of a New Species of Brachylaimid (Trematoda: Digenea) in Spain","volume":"92","author":"Gonz\u00e1lez\u2010Moreno O.","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Parasitology"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1645\/17-29","article-title":"Brachylaimiasis: Brachylaima spp. (Digenea: Brachylaimidae) Metacercariae Parasitizing the Edible Snail Cornu aspersum (Helicidae) in Spanish Public Marketplaces and Health\u2010Associated Risk Factors","volume":"103","author":"Gracenea M.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Parasitology"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1645\/0022-3395(2002)088[0124:LCOBMN]2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Life Cycle of Brachylaima mascomai n. sp. 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F.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jip.2024.108160","article-title":"Mass Mortality of Cornu aspersum in Italian Snail Farms: A Histopathological Survey","volume":"206","author":"Power K.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Journal of Invertebrate Pathology"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1086\/659123","article-title":"Dual Strategy for Immune Defense in the Land Snail Cornu aspersum (Gastropoda, Pulmonata)","volume":"84","author":"Russo J.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Physiological and Biochemical Zoology"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1086\/669482","article-title":"Linking Immune Patterns and Life History Shows Two Distinct Defense Strategies in Land Snails (Gastropoda, Pulmonata)","volume":"86","author":"Russo J.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Physiological and Biochemical Zoology"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2010.10.026","article-title":"Brachylaima aspersae n. sp. 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(Digenea: Dicrocoeliidae) Larvae in Poland","volume":"119","author":"Zbikowska E.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Parasitology Research"}],"container-title":["Zoonoses and Public Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/zph.70095","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/zph.70095","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/zph.70095","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T05:05:18Z","timestamp":1789621518000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/zph.70095"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]]},"references-count":34,"alternative-id":["10.1111\/zph.70095"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/zph.70095","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1863-1959","1863-2378"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1863-1959","type":"print"},{"value":"1863-2378","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-03-06","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-09-09","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-09-16","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"zph.70095"}}