{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T05:55:32Z","timestamp":1791266132260,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791158400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791158400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002850","name":"Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Cient\u00edfico y Tecnol\u00f3gico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1230457"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1230457"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002850","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Zoonoses and Public Health"],"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Introduction<\/jats:title>\n \n Leptospirosis is a global zoonosis, and rodents are key maintenance hosts in many ecosystems. However, information on pathogenic\n Leptospira<\/jats:italic>\n in Mediterranean\u2010climate landscapes of Latin America remains limited. We evaluated its occurrence and associated ecological factors in invasive\n \n Rattus norvegicus<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n and\n \n Rattus rattus<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n across rural and natural habitats of central Chile.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n Kidney samples from 821 rats captured at 31 sites between 2023 and 2025 were screened by qPCR targeting\n lipL32<\/jats:italic>\n . qPCR\u2010positive samples were further analysed by conventional PCR targeting\n rpoB<\/jats:italic>\n , and successful amplicons were sequenced for species identification. Associations with qPCR positivity were evaluated separately for each rat species using a multiscale framework incorporating individual traits, local habitat characteristics, landscape composition and season.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n Pathogenic\n Leptospira<\/jats:italic>\n DNA was detected in 23 rats (2.8%) and was more frequent in\n \n R. norvegicus<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n (8.4%) than in\n \n R. rattus<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n (1.4%). All 11 successfully sequenced samples were assigned to\n \n Leptospira interrogans<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n . In\n \n R. norvegicus<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n , qPCR positivity was positively associated with river cover, and seasonal variation differed between sexes. In\n \n R. rattus<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n , positivity was positively associated with body length and negatively associated with woody vegetation diversity and male sex. Candidate models containing local habitat type received substantially less support for both species, although positive rats occurred in rural and natural habitats.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n \n Pathogenic\n Leptospira<\/jats:italic>\n occurs at low frequency in invasive rats across Mediterranean landscapes of central Chile, with associated individual and environmental factors differing between species. Species\u2010informed surveillance incorporating environmental heterogeneity may better characterize\n Leptospira<\/jats:italic>\n circulation than broad habitat classifications alone.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/zph.70098","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T05:34:31Z","timestamp":1791264871000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Eco\u2010Epidemiology of\n Leptospira<\/i>\n Infection in Invasive Rats Across Mediterranean Landscapes of Central Chile"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"given":"Natalia","family":"Leyton","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ciencias Biol\u00f3gicas Animales, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias Universidad de Chile Santiago Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-6727-5215","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hugo","family":"Henr\u00edquez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ciencias Biol\u00f3gicas Animales, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias Universidad de Chile Santiago Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-1995-2411","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rodrigo","family":"Salgado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ciencias Biol\u00f3gicas Animales, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias Universidad de Chile Santiago Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-6351-0931","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristian","family":"Herrera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ciencias Biol\u00f3gicas Animales, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias Universidad de Chile Santiago Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0721-993X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francisco","family":"Chac\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ciencias Biol\u00f3gicas Animales, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias Universidad de Chile Santiago Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"V\u00edctor","family":"Neira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Medicina Preventiva Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias Universidad de Chile Santiago Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ananda","family":"M\u00fcller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Sciences Department, Lewyt School of Veterinary Medicine Long Island University New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3515-6908","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabriel E.","family":"Garcia\u2010Pe\u00f1a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Ciencias de la Complejidad Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico Mexico City M\u00e9xico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N\u00e9lida R.","family":"Villase\u00f1or","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Ciencias Forestales y de la Conservaci\u00f3n de la Naturaleza Universidad de Chile Santiago Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5012-419X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gemma","family":"Rojo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Ciencias Agroalimentarias, Animales y Ambientales (ICA3) Universidad de O'higgins San Fernando Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7297-9535","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andr\u00e9 V.","family":"Rubio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ciencias Biol\u00f3gicas Animales, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias Universidad de Chile Santiago Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2009.03.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","volume-title":"Field Methods for Rodent Studies in Asia and the Indo\u2010Pacific","author":"Aplin K. 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