{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T07:49:13Z","timestamp":1791618553554,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791590400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791590400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003196","name":"Ministero della Salute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Research Project IZS PLV 09\/23 Ricerca Corrente \u201cRUVIROME\u201d"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Research Project IZS PLV 09\/23 Ricerca Corrente \u201cRUVIROME\u201d"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003196","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Zoonoses and Public Health"],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Hepatitis E virus (HEV) represents a major public health concern. Beyond the main zoonotic genotypes HEV\u20103 and HEV\u20104, with pigs and wild boars recognized as the primary reservoirs of infection, a genetically distinct hepevirus of rodent origin (species\n                      <jats:italic>Rocahepevirus ratti,<\/jats:italic>\n                      genotype C1) (rat HEV, RHEV) has recently been implicated in human hepatitis cases worldwide. Although several risk factors have been proposed, contact with rats has been documented in one human case only, and the sources and transmission routes of RHEV remain largely unclear. Of interest, RHEV RNA has recently been detected in farmed pigs, highlighting livestock environments as potential interspecies transmission interfaces. In light of these findings, we performed a molecular investigation for RHEV in rodents captured on farms raising different livestock species in Northwestern Italy (Piemonte region).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 98 rodents, collected on 32 livestock farms, were tested for RHEV by a combined molecular approach based on RHEV specific real\u2010time reverse transcription (RT)\u2010PCR assay and a pan\u2010hepevirus heminested RT\u2010PCR. Positive samples were further processed to attempt full\u2010genome amplification.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      RHEV RNA was identified in a Norway rat (\n                      <jats:italic>\n                        <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">Rattus norvegicus<\/jats:styled-content>\n                        )\n                      <\/jats:italic>\n                      and in house mice (\n                      <jats:italic>\n                        <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">Mus musculus<\/jats:styled-content>\n                        )\n                      <\/jats:italic>\n                      , with detection rates of 16.6% (1\/6; 95% CI: 0.41\u201364.1) and 7.0% (6\/86; 95% CI: 2.6\u201314.5), respectively. The positive rodents were captured in five livestock farms, raising cattle, goats, and poultry, located across three municipalities. The nearly full\u2010length genome of a rat strain (RHEV\/\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                        <jats:italic>Rattus norvegicus<\/jats:italic>\n                      <\/jats:styled-content>\n                      \/38129\u201022\/ITA) was reconstructed. Pairwise nucleotide alignment showed high genetic relatedness of RHEV\/\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                        <jats:italic>Rattus norvegicus<\/jats:italic>\n                      <\/jats:styled-content>\n                      \/38129\u201022\/ITA with sequences previously identified in rodents and human patients, including those from European countries.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The identification of infected rodents in livestock farms highlights RHEV circulation in rural environments, where interactions among rodents, domestic animals, and humans may be facilitated. Additional studies are necessary to elucidate RHEV transmission dynamics and assess public health implications.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/zph.70099","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T07:14:13Z","timestamp":1791616453000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Rat Hepatitis E Virus (\n                    <scp>RHEV<\/scp>\n                    ) in\n                    <scp>\n                      <i>Mus musculus<\/i>\n                    <\/scp>\n                    and\n                    <scp>\n                      <i>Rattus norvegicus<\/i>\n                    <\/scp>\n                    in Northwestern Italy"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7190-3835","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Federica","family":"Di Profio","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine Universit\u00e0 Degli Studi di Teramo  Teramo Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2294-1624","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vittorio","family":"Sarchese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine Universit\u00e0 Degli Studi di Teramo  Teramo Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-6982-6976","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matteo","family":"Carnevale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine Universit\u00e0 Degli Studi di Teramo  Teramo Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Serena","family":"Robetto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Della Liguria e Della Valle D'aosta  Turin Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-1296-6988","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Lucia","family":"Mandola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Della Liguria e Della Valle D'aosta  Turin Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-1474-8345","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chiara","family":"Nogarol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Della Liguria e Della Valle D'aosta  Turin Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0026-8472","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesco","family":"Pellegrini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine University of Bari Aldo Moro  Bari Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9552-1199","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fulvio","family":"Marsilio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine Universit\u00e0 Degli Studi di Teramo  Teramo Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5740-6947","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vito","family":"Martella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine University of Bari Aldo Moro  Bari Italy"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology University of Veterinary Medicine  Budapest Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6192-7166","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Barbara","family":"Di Martino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine Universit\u00e0 Degli Studi di Teramo  Teramo Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2807\/1560\u20107917.ES.2024.29.40.2400031"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiz025"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","volume-title":"Biological Factors in Domestic Rodent Control","author":"Brown R. 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