{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,16]],"date-time":"2026-02-16T08:35:03Z","timestamp":1771230903691,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,14]],"date-time":"2021-12-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1639440000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["esj-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Plant Species Biology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Dioecy, a character common to all cycads, requires obligatory outcrossing. The absence of potential reproductive mates of the opposite sex renders individuals effectively sterile. Therefore, reproductive synchrony is essential for the reproductive success of cycads. Here, we describe the reproductive phenology, morphology, and lifespan of strobili of\n                    <jats:italic>Zamia boliviana<\/jats:italic>\n                    (Cycadales, Zamiaceae), an endemic cycad in South America. We examined the variation in timing of maturation between polliniferous and ovuliferous individuals in two\n                    <jats:italic>Z. boliviana<\/jats:italic>\n                    populations. Lifespan of polliniferous and ovuliferous strobili was based on direct observations and systematic measurements of strobili development. Phenological study covered three reproductive cohorts in two distinct cycad populations. Lifespan of polliniferous strobili was comprised of four phases and lasted 50\u2009days until the cycle's completion, while ovuliferous strobili underwent seven phases that extended over 330\u2009days until seed dehiscence. Both sexes produced strobili during the dry season. We identified a seasonally synchronous pattern in the reproductive phenology of\n                    <jats:italic>Z. boliviana<\/jats:italic>\n                    , with a major overlap in the phases of emergence, pollen release, and strobili receptivity between sexes, populations, and subsequent years. Reproductive events of\n                    <jats:italic>Z. boliviana<\/jats:italic>\n                    followed the seasonality of the Cerrado vegetation and climate. Synchrony between the period of strobili production and reproductive activity peaks was found in both sexes, but seed dehiscence occurred in the dry season. Our study provides relevant and new biological data for\n                    <jats:italic>Z. boliviana<\/jats:italic>\n                    in its natural habitat, demonstrating a temporal distinction between the lifespan of polliniferous and ovuliferous strobili and the necessary overlap between the release and receptivity of pollen.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1442-1984.12360","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,14]],"date-time":"2021-12-14T06:09:55Z","timestamp":1639462195000},"page":"118-131","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Phenology of\n                    <scp>\n                      <i>Zamia boliviana<\/i>\n                      (Zamiaceae)\n                    <\/scp>\n                    , a threatened species from a seasonally dry biodiversity hotspot in\n                    <scp>South America<\/scp>"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"37","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2821-687X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rosane","family":"Segalla","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Federal de Educa\u00e7\u00e3o, Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia de Mato Grosso  Cuiab\u00e1 Brazil"},{"name":"Departamento de Biodiversidade, Laborat\u00f3rio de Fenologia Instituto de Bioci\u00eancias, Universidade Estadual Paulista UNESP  Rio Claro Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3243-2652","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"F\u00e1bio","family":"Pinheiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Biologia Vegetal Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas  Campinas Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2988-9168","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gudryan J.","family":"Baronio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ecologia, Instituto de Bioci\u00eancias (IB\u2010USP) Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo  S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5265-8988","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leonor Patr\u00edcia Cerdeira","family":"Morellato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Biodiversidade, Laborat\u00f3rio de Fenologia Instituto de Bioci\u00eancias, Universidade Estadual Paulista UNESP  Rio Claro Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","unstructured":"Agostinelli C. &Lund U. 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