{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T05:49:47Z","timestamp":1787723387593,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,28]],"date-time":"2024-01-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706400000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32270460"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32270460"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Insect Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Insect legs play a crucial role in various modes of locomotion, including walking, jumping, swimming, and other forms of movement. The flexibility of their leg joints is critical in enabling various modes of locomotion. The frog\u2010legged leaf beetle <jats:italic>Sagra femorata<\/jats:italic> possesses remarkably enlarged hind legs, which are considered to be a critical adaptation that enables the species to withstand external pressures. When confronted with external threats, <jats:italic>S. femorata<\/jats:italic> initiates a stress response by rapidly rotating its hind legs backward and upward to a specific angle, thereby potentially intimidating potential assailants. Based on video analysis, we identified 4 distinct phases of the hind leg rotation process in <jats:italic>S. femorata<\/jats:italic>, which were determined by the range of rotation angles (0\u00b0\u2212168.77\u00b0). Utilizing micro\u2010computed tomography (micro\u2010CT) technology, we performed a 3\u2010dimensional (3D) reconstruction and conducted relative positioning and volumetric analysis of the metacoxa and metatrochanter of <jats:italic>S. femorata<\/jats:italic>. Our analysis revealed that the metacoxa\u2013trochanter joint is a \u201cscrew\u2010nut\u201d structure connected by 4 muscles, which regulate the rotation of the legs. Further testing using a 3D\u2010printed model of the metacoxa\u2013trochanter joint demonstrated its possession of a self\u2010locking mechanism capable of securing the legs in specific positions to prevent excessive rotation and dislocation. It can be envisioned that this self\u2010locking mechanism holds potential for application in bio\u2010inspired robotics.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1744-7917.13323","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,29]],"date-time":"2024-01-29T04:39:05Z","timestamp":1706503145000},"page":"1864-1875","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["A self\u2010locking mechanism of the frog\u2010legged beetle <i>Sagra femorata<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7056-7497","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Le","family":"Zong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences  Beijing China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences  Beijing China"},{"name":"The Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Application School of Life Science 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Mulwa","family":"Muinde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences  Beijing China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianing","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Aeronautics and Astronautics Sun Yat\u2010sen University Shenzhen Guangdong Province China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaolong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongbin","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences  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