{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,16]],"date-time":"2026-02-16T16:07:09Z","timestamp":1771258029293,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1995,8,1]],"date-time":"1995-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":807235200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,20]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>SUMMARY<\/jats:title><jats:p>The biological properties of TNF-\u03b1 make it a candidate therapeutic target in RA. Our studies have demonstrated that TNF-\u03b1 and its receptors are up-regulated and co-expressed in the synovium and cartilage-pannus junction of RA joints. Neutralizing TNF-\u03b1 antibodies reduce the production of the many pro-inflammatory cytokines, including IL-1 and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), produced by mononuclear cells from RA in culture. When injected into DBA\/1 mice with collagen-induced arthritis and TNF-\u03b1 transgenic mice with arthritis, anti-TNF MoAbs decrease inflammatory damage of joints. Clinical trials employing cA2, a chimaeric anti-TNF-\u03b1 MoAb, in open-label and randomized placebo-controlled studies have demonstrated a dose-dependent efficacy with impressive improvement in disease activity and acute-phase responses lasting several weeks. We conclude that TNF-\u03b1 is a critical mediator of inflammation in RA, and is an important therapeutic target in this disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.1995.tb08340.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,20]],"date-time":"2013-11-20T10:53:46Z","timestamp":1384944826000},"page":"207-212","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":106,"title":["Beneficial effects of tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-\u03b1) blockade in rheumatoid arthritis (RA)"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"101","author":[{"given":"R N","family":"MAINI","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, London, UK"}]},{"given":"M J","family":"ELLIOTT","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, London, UK"}]},{"given":"F M","family":"BRENNAN","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, London, UK"}]},{"given":"M","family":"FELDMANN","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, London, UK"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022011517505216200_b1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780192623560.001.0001","volume-title":"Epidemiology of rheumatic diseases","author":"Silman","year":"1993"},{"key":"2022011517505216200_b2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1108","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(87)91672-2","article-title":"The long-term outcome of treating rheumatoid arthritis: results after 20 years","volume":"i","author":"Scott","year":"1987","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2022011517505216200_b3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.48.1.7","article-title":"Factors predicting a poor life prognosis in rheumatoid arthritis: an eight year prospective study","volume":"48","author":"Erhardt","year":"1989","journal-title":"Ann Rheum 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