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We describe the use of eight hypervariable microsatellite loci to study the genetic relationships between four Canadian polar bear populations: the northern Beaufort Sea, southern Beaufort Sea, western Hudson Bay, and Davis Strait \u2010 Labrador Sea. These markers detected considerable genetic variation, with average heterozygosity near 60% within each population. Interpopulation differences in allele frequency distribution were significant between all pairs of populations, including two adjacent populations in the Beaufort Sea. Measures of genetic distance reflect the geographic distribution of populations, but also suggest patterns of gene flow which are not obvious from geography and may reflect movement patterns of these animals. Distribution of variation is sufficiently different between the Beaufort Sea populations and the two more eastern ones that the region of origin for a given sample can be predicted based on its expected genotype frequency using an assignment test. These data indicate that gene flow between local populations is restricted despite the long\u2010distance seasonal movements undertaken by polar bears.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-294x.1995.tb00227.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,4,14]],"date-time":"2008-04-14T08:19:24Z","timestamp":1208161164000},"page":"347-354","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1522,"title":["Microsatellite analysis of population structure in Canadian polar bears"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"D.","family":"PAETKAU","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"W.","family":"CALVERT","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"I.","family":"STIRLING","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"STROBECK","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,6,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1601-5223.1979.tb01636.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","first-page":"85","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Ninth Vtorking Meeting of the IUCN Polar Bear Specialist Group","author":"Amstrup SC","year":"1986"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0888-7543(92)90285-Z"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0959-437X(93)90017-J"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/368455a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 11th Working bAeeting of the IUCN Polar Bear Specialist Group","author":"Calvert W."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","first-page":"922","article-title":"Incidence and origin of \u2018null\u2019 alleles in the (AC), microsatellite markers","volume":"52","author":"Callen DF","year":"1993","journal-title":"American Journal of Human Genetics"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1139\/z91-421"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0888-7543(92)90371-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/344764a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","volume-title":"Principles of Population Genetics","author":"Haitl DL","year":"1989"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/geno.1993.1083"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-294X.1993.tb00102.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/314067a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-8369.1983.tb00735.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","first-page":"37","volume-title":"Bear Biology Association Conference Series, Vol. 3. 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