{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T05:58:32Z","timestamp":1773035912705,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,21]],"date-time":"2025-11-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763683200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,21]],"date-time":"2025-11-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763683200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["American J Econ Sociol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>As a pioneering figure in China's modern democratic revolution, Sun Yat\u2010sen's land theory was profoundly influenced by the American economist Henry George's \u201cSingle Tax\u201d doctrine. However, rather than a direct transplantation, Sun creatively adapted it to China's semicolonial agrarian reality. Sun moved beyond George's tax\u2010centric static model, integrating land issues into the grand framework of the \u201cprinciple of people's livelihood.\u201d He proposed a dual\u2010track system combining \u201cland to the tiller\u201d (private land\u2010use rights) and \u201cpublic ownership of land value increments\u201d (socialized development gains). He transformed George's distributive justice into a state\u2010led developmental strategy. Land value increments were leveraged to fund infrastructure and strategic industry nationalization, establishing an \u201cinvestment\u2010appreciation\u2010redevelopment\u201d cycle that prefigured East Asia's developmental state model. Sun's theoretical core drew from Chinese traditions: the egalitarian ethos of the well\u2010field system (jingtian zhi), Confucian people\u2010centered governance (minben), and the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom's land communalization ideal. Sun's adaptation epitomizes modern Sino\u2010Western intellectual fusion. His principle of people's livelihood not only resolved ethical dilemmas in land distribution but also provided a systematic blueprint for national modernization, offering critical insights into the localization of economic thought in modern China.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/ajes.70017","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,22]],"date-time":"2025-11-22T07:10:43Z","timestamp":1763795443000},"page":"227-233","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Sun Yat\u2010Sen's Adoption and Creative Transformation of Henry George's Economic Thought"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"85","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-4771-9837","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ziling","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Business School, University of Portsmouth  Portsmouth UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohan","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Marxism Zhejiang Gongshang University  Hangzhou Zhejiang China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jindan","family":"Tong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shandong Academy of Social Sciences  Jinan Shangdong China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine  Tianjin China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","first-page":"30","volume-title":"The Essence of Sun Yat\u2010Sen's Political Philosophy","author":"Chang T. 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S.","year":"1981"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","first-page":"513","volume-title":"The Complete Works of Sun Yat\u2010Sen","author":"Sun Y. S.","year":"1982"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","first-page":"521","volume-title":"The Complete Works of Sun Yat\u2010Sen","author":"Sun Y. S.","year":"1982"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","first-page":"66","article-title":"The Chinese Origins of the Physiocratic School's Economic Theories","volume":"6","author":"Tan M.","year":"1990","journal-title":"Economic Research Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1536-7150.1994.tb02606.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","first-page":"17","volume-title":"Land Reform","author":"Woodruff A. M.","year":"1970"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","first-page":"144","article-title":"The Transition of Economic Thought in Modern China From the Perspective of Global History\u2014Based on the Thoughts of Land Price Tax System","volume":"1","author":"Xiong J.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Fudan Journal"}],"container-title":["The American Journal of Economics and Sociology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/ajes.70017","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/ajes.70017","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/ajes.70017","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T05:00:21Z","timestamp":1773032421000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/ajes.70017"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,21]]},"references-count":13,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/ajes.70017"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ajes.70017","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-9246","1536-7150"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-9246","type":"print"},{"value":"1536-7150","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,21]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-09-23","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-10-23","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-11-21","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}