{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T05:58:26Z","timestamp":1773035906407,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,12]],"date-time":"2025-12-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765497600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,12]],"date-time":"2025-12-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765497600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["American J Econ Sociol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Theodore Roosevelt is best known as a rough\u2010hewn outdoorsman. But as President of the United States, he also saw himself as a servant of the people, all people. Fifteen years before he stepped into that role, he came in third, behind Henry George, in a three\u2010way race in New York City's mayoral race, at which time he was strongly opposed to the Georgist message that poverty and inequality stem from privileges bestowed by property rights in land. Despite this difference, Roosevelt was sympathetic to the plight of workers and the common folk, and sought to reduce the power of the monopolistic corporations that wanted to extract wealth from workers by operating urban utility franchises that overcharged for basic services and by gaining control of large tracts of wilderness. In his later years, Roosevelt apparently shifted his stance and agreed with Henry George that land value taxation was worthy of support. But no matter how slow he may have been to embrace George's signature policy idea, Roosevelt was aligned in many ways with the cultural Georgism that influenced millions of people from 1890 to 1920.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/ajes.70023","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,13]],"date-time":"2025-12-13T01:31:57Z","timestamp":1765589517000},"page":"269-275","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Was Theodore Roosevelt a Friend of the Single Taxers?"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"85","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-4366-9808","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Giesen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Commons SF  San Francisco California USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","volume-title":"The Gospel of Wealth","author":"Carnegie A.","year":"1889"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","unstructured":"Colver W. B.1911.\u201cLetter to Gifford Pinchot.\u201d Theodore Roosevelt Papers Library of Congress Manuscript Division.https:\/\/www.theodorerooseveltcenter.org\/Research\/Digital\u2010Library\/Record?libID=o69747."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","volume-title":"Progress and Poverty","author":"George H.","year":"1879"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","volume-title":"Our Common Ground: A History of America's Public Lands","author":"Leshy J. D.","year":"2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","volume-title":"Progressive Party Platform of 1912","author":"Progressive Party","year":"1912"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","volume-title":"Christianity and the Social Crisis","author":"Rauschenbusch W.","year":"1907"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","volume-title":"Theodore Roosevelt: Letter and Speeches","author":"Roosevelt T.","year":"1886"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","volume-title":"Theodore Roosevelt: Letter and Speeches","author":"Roosevelt T.","year":"1899"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","unstructured":"Roosevelt T.1901.\u201cState of the Union Address.\u201dhttps:\/\/www.gutenberg.org\/cache\/epub\/5032\/pg5032.txt."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","volume-title":"Message of the President of the United States Communicated to the Two Houses of Congress","author":"Roosevelt T.","year":"1902"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","unstructured":"Roosevelt T.1906.\u201cState of the Union Address.\u201dDecember 3 1906."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","unstructured":"Roosevelt T.1907.\u201cState of the Union Address.\u201dhttps:\/\/www.gutenberg.org\/cache\/epub\/5032\/pg5032.txt."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","unstructured":"Roosevelt T.1911.\u201cAlaska: It Must Be Developed.\u201d The Outlook."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","unstructured":"Roosevelt T.1913.\u201cThe Progressive Party.\u201dCentury Magazine October 1913 826\u2013836.https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/centurymagazine86newyrich\/page\/826\/mode\/2up."}],"container-title":["The American Journal of Economics and Sociology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/ajes.70023","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/ajes.70023","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/ajes.70023","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T05:00:17Z","timestamp":1773032417000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/ajes.70023"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,12]]},"references-count":14,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/ajes.70023"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ajes.70023","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-9246","1536-7150"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-9246","type":"print"},{"value":"1536-7150","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-09-16","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-10-16","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-12-12","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}