{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]],"date-time":"2026-02-03T18:05:17Z","timestamp":1770141917106,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,13]],"date-time":"2022-06-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1655078400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Allergy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,10]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>Different treatments exist for allergic rhinitis (AR), including pharmacotherapy and allergen immunotherapy (AIT), but they have not been compared using direct patient data (i.e., \u201creal\u2010world data\u201d). We aimed to compare AR pharmacological treatments on (i) daily symptoms, (ii) frequency of use in co\u2010medication, (iii) visual analogue scales (VASs) on allergy symptom control considering the minimal important difference (MID) and (iv) the effect of AIT.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Methods<\/jats:title>We assessed the MASK\u2010air\u00ae app data (May 2015\u2013December 2020) by users self\u2010reporting AR (16\u201390\u2009years). We compared eight AR medication schemes on reported VAS of allergy symptoms, clustering data by the patient and controlling for confounding factors. We compared (i) allergy symptoms between patients with and without AIT and (ii) different drug classes used in co\u2010medication.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Results<\/jats:title>We analysed 269,837\u2009days from 10,860 users. Most days (52.7%) involved medication use. Median VAS levels were significantly higher in co\u2010medication than in monotherapy (including the fixed combination azelastine\u2010fluticasone) schemes. In adjusted models, azelastine\u2010fluticasone was associated with lower average VAS global allergy symptoms than all other medication schemes, while the contrary was observed for oral corticosteroids. AIT was associated with a decrease in allergy symptoms in some medication schemes. A difference larger than the MID compared to no treatment was observed for oral steroids. Azelastine\u2010fluticasone was the drug class with the lowest chance of being used in co\u2010medication (adjusted OR\u00a0=\u00a00.75; 95% CI\u00a0=\u00a00.71\u20130.80).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Conclusion<\/jats:title>Median VAS levels were higher in co\u2010medication than in monotherapy. Patients with more severe symptoms report a higher treatment, which is currently not reflected in guidelines.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/all.15371","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,14]],"date-time":"2022-05-14T08:54:15Z","timestamp":1652518455000},"page":"3002-3014","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Comparison of rhinitis treatments using MASK<\/scp>\u2010air\u00ae data and considering the minimal important difference"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"77","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1277-3401","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bernardo","family":"Sousa\u2010Pinto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"MEDCIDS \u2010 Department of Community Medicine, Information and Health Decision Sciences Faculty of Medicine University of Porto Porto Portugal"},{"name":"CINTESIS \u2013 Center for Health Technology and Services Research University of Porto Porto Portugal"},{"name":"RISE \u2013 Health Research Network University of Porto Porto Portugal"}]},{"given":"Holger J.","family":"Sch\u00fcnemann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact & Department of Medicine McMaster University Hamilton ON Canada"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9429-6863","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana","family":"S\u00e1\u2010Sousa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MEDCIDS \u2010 Department of Community Medicine, Information and Health Decision Sciences Faculty of Medicine University of Porto Porto Portugal"},{"name":"CINTESIS \u2013 Center for Health Technology and Services Research University of Porto Porto Portugal"},{"name":"RISE \u2013 Health Research Network University of Porto Porto Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1834-3055","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rafael\u00a0Jos\u00e9","family":"Vieira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MEDCIDS \u2010 Department of Community Medicine, Information and Health Decision Sciences Faculty of Medicine University of Porto Porto Portugal"},{"name":"CINTESIS \u2013 Center for Health Technology and Services Research University of Porto Porto Portugal"},{"name":"RISE \u2013 Health Research Network University of Porto Porto Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0233-830X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rita","family":"Amaral","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MEDCIDS \u2010 Department of Community Medicine, Information and Health Decision Sciences Faculty of Medicine University of Porto Porto Portugal"},{"name":"CINTESIS \u2013 Center for Health Technology and Services Research University of Porto Porto Portugal"},{"name":"RISE \u2013 Health Research Network University of Porto Porto Portugal"}]},{"given":"Josep M.","family":"Anto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ISGlobal, Barcelona Institute for Global Health Barcelona Spain"},{"name":"IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute) Barcelona Spain"},{"name":"Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF) Barcelona Spain"},{"name":"CIBER Epidemiolog\u00eda y Salud P\u00fablica (CIBERESP) Barcelona Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2455-0192","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ludger","family":"Klimek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Mainz, Mainz, and Center for Rhinology and Allergology Wiesbaden Germany"}]},{"given":"Wienczyslawa","family":"Czarlewski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Consulting Czarlewski Levallois France"}]},{"given":"Joaquim","family":"Mullol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rhinology Unit & Smell Clinic, ENT Department, Hospital Cl\u00ednic Clinical & Experimental Respiratory Immunoallergy, IDIBAPS, CIBERES, University of Barcelona Barcelona Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4374-9639","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Oliver","family":"Pfaar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery Section of Rhinology and Allergy University Hospital Marburg, Philipps\u2010Universit\u00e4t Marburg Marburg Germany"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Bedbrook","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ARIA Montpellier France"}]},{"given":"Luisa","family":"Brussino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Sciences, Allergy and Clinical Immunology Unit University of Torino & Mauriziano Hospital Torino Italy"}]},{"given":"Violeta","family":"Kvedariene","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biomedical Sciences Department of Pathology Faculty of Medicine Vilnius University and Institute of Clinical Medicine, Clinic of Chest Diseases and Allergology, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University Vilnius Lithuania"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5713-5331","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Desir\u00e9e","family":"Larenas\u2010Linnemann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Excellence in Asthma and Allergy M\u00e9dica Sur Clinical Foundation and Hospital M\u00e9xico City Mexico"}]},{"given":"Yoshitaka","family":"Okamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology Chiba University Hospital Chiba Japan"}]},{"given":"Maria Teresa","family":"Ventura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Bari Medical School Unit of Geriatric Immunoallergology Bari Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7994-364X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ioana","family":"Agache","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Transylvania University Brasov Brasov Romania"}]},{"given":"Ignacio\u00a0J.","family":"Ansotegui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Allergy and Immunology Hospital Quironsalud Bizkaia Bilbao Spain"}]},{"given":"Karl C.","family":"Bergmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Allergology, Charit\u00e9 \u2013 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin and Humboldt\u2010Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin Berlin Germany"},{"name":"Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP Allergology and Immunology Berlin Germany"}]},{"given":"Sinthia","family":"Bosnic\u2010Anticevich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Quality Use of Respiratory Medicine Group Woolcock Institute of Medical Research The University of Sydney, and Sydney Local Health District Sydney NSW Australia"}]},{"given":"Jan","family":"Brozek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact 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University of South Florida Tampa Florida USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0658-2449","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lorenzo","family":"Cecchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SOS Allergology and Clinical Immunology USL Toscana Centro Prato Italy"}]},{"given":"Tomas","family":"Chivato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine University CEU San Pablo Madrid Spain"}]},{"given":"Derek K.","family":"Chu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Health Research Methods, Evidence & Impact McMaster University Hamilton ON Canada"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3934-5092","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cemal","family":"Cingi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ENT Department Medical Faculty Eskisehir Osmangazi University Eskisehir Turkey"}]},{"given":"El\u00edsio M.","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UCIBIO, REQUINTE, Faculty of 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