{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]],"date-time":"2026-03-25T07:58:45Z","timestamp":1774425525477,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774310400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774310400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100032827","name":"Advanced Research and Invention Agency","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100032827","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Allergy"],"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Background<\/jats:title>\n Oral and ocular medications are frequently used in the treatment of allergic rhinitis (AR). As part of the update of the Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma (ARIA)\u2010EAACI guidelines, this manuscript presents the ARIA\u2010EAACI 2024\u20132025 recommendations for oral and ocular treatments.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n The ARIA\u2010EAACI 2024\u20132025 guideline panel issued recommendations following the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) evidence\u2010to\u2010decision framework. Several sources of evidence were used to inform panel judgements and recommendations, including systematic reviews, mHealth and pharmacovigilance data as well as\u00a0a survey on costs.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n Eight guideline questions concerning oral treatments for AR and three questions concerning ocular treatments were addressed. These questions led to the recommendations. Overall, these questions concern the choice between different classes of medication. They also discuss the role of oral antihistamines (OAH), leukotriene receptor antagonists (LTRA), ocular antihistamines (OcAH) and ocular mast cell stabilisers. Four questions had not been previously evaluated in ARIA guidelines, while, for the other four, there was a change in the strength or directionality of the recommendations. Overall, these guidelines recommend using intranasal corticosteroids over OAH and using OAH over LTRA. Moreover, they suggest using OAH over OcAH and suggest being against adding LTRA to OAH. Finally, considerations for choosing between different individual OAHs are presented.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n This ARIA\u2010EAACI 2024\u20132025 article supports patients, their caregivers and healthcare professionals in choosing oral and ocular treatments for AR. Decisions on treatment should consider the clinical variability of the disease, patients' values and the affordability of medications.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/all.70305","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]],"date-time":"2026-03-25T06:12:03Z","timestamp":1774419123000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Allergic Rhinitis and Its Impact on Asthma (\n ARIA<\/scp>\n )\u2010\n EAACI<\/scp>\n Guidelines\u20142024\u20132025 Revision: Part\n II<\/scp>\n \u2014Guidelines on Oral and Ocular Treatments"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1834-3055","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rafael Jos\u00e9","family":"Vieira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"MEDCIDS\u2014Department of Community Medicine, Information and Health Decision Sciences, Faculty of Medicine University of Porto Porto Portugal"},{"name":"CINTESIS@RISE\u2014Health Research Network, Faculty of Medicine University of Porto Porto Portugal"}]},{"given":"Bernardo","family":"Sousa\u2010Pinto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MEDCIDS\u2014Department of Community Medicine, Information and Health Decision Sciences, Faculty of Medicine University of Porto Porto Portugal"},{"name":"CINTESIS@RISE\u2014Health Research Network, Faculty of Medicine University of Porto Porto Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4061-4766","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jean","family":"Bousquet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Allergology, Charit\u00e9\u2014Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin and Humboldt\u2010Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin Berlin Germany"},{"name":"Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Immunology and Allergology Berlin Germany"},{"name":"ARIA (Allergic Rhinitis and Its Impact on Asthma) Montpellier France"}]},{"given":"Holger J.","family":"Sch\u00fcnemann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Immunology and Allergology Berlin Germany"},{"name":"Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact & Department of Medicine McMaster University Hamilton Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Science Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele Milan Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1466-8875","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Torsten","family":"Zuberbier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Allergology, Charit\u00e9\u2014Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin and Humboldt\u2010Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin Berlin Germany"},{"name":"Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Immunology and Allergology Berlin Germany"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0128-903X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonio","family":"Bognanni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact & Department of Medicine McMaster University Hamilton Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Science Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele Milan Italy"}]},{"given":"Alkis","family":"Togias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Allergy Immunology, and Transplantation (DAIT), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH Bethesda Maryland USA"}]},{"given":"Boleslaw","family":"Samolinski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Prevention of Environmental Hazards Allergology and Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw Warsaw Poland"}]},{"given":"Arunas","family":"Valiulis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical Medicine and Institute of Health Sciences Medical Faculty of Vilnius University Vilnius Lithuania"},{"name":"Clinic of Asthma, Allergy and Chronic Lung Diseases Vilnius Lithuania"}]},{"given":"Sian","family":"Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Primary Care Respiratory Group IPCRG Edinburgh UK"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Bedbrook","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ARIA (Allergic Rhinitis and Its Impact on Asthma) Montpellier France"}]},{"given":"Wienczyslawa","family":"Czarlewski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ARIA (Allergic Rhinitis and Its Impact on Asthma) Montpellier France"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5228-471X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Jose","family":"Torres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Allergy Unit Regional University Hospital of M\u00e1laga, Malaga University, ARADyAL Malaga Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3425-3463","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohamed 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