{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,18]],"date-time":"2026-04-18T15:44:45Z","timestamp":1776527085250,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,18]],"date-time":"2026-04-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776470400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,18]],"date-time":"2026-04-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776470400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100032827","name":"Advanced Research and Invention Agency","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100032827","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Allergy"],"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Introduction<\/jats:title>\n Medication availability and costs can be highly variable across countries and in different time periods. We aimed to conduct a survey among local experts to obtain information on the availability and costs of allergic rhinitis medications in different countries.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n We sent a survey to members of the Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma (ARIA) group, asking for the availability and the lowest cost of specific allergic rhinitis medications in their respective countries. Data in local currencies were converted to 2024 US Dollars adjusted for Purchasing Power Parity (PPP). We compared the costs of different medication classes, assuming, for each class, the least expensive drug in each country, as well as full treatment adherence.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n We received responses from ARIA experts in 51 different countries. Intranasal corticosteroids (INCS) and oral antihistamines (OAH) were available in all countries, but this was not observed for intranasal antihistamines (INAH) or for INAH+INCS. In most countries, OAH was the least costly drug class, while INAH+INCS was the most expensive. Among INCS, beclomethasone was the medication most frequently identified as the cheapest, while cetirizine and loratadine were the OAH most frequently reported as the least expensive. Among INAH+INCS, azelastine\u2010fluticasone was more frequently identified as less costly than olopatadine\u2010mometasone.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n There is an important across\u2010country and across\u2010class variability in terms of costs of allergic rhinitis medications. The results of this study will inform the ARIA\u2010EAACI 2024\u20132025 guidelines.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/all.70340","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,18]],"date-time":"2026-04-18T15:08:51Z","timestamp":1776524931000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Availability and Costs of Allergic Rhinitis Treatments Across the World: A Survey of\n ARIA<\/scp>\n Experts"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"given":"Maria Clara","family":"Urbano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"MEDCIDS\u2014Department of Community Medicine, Information and Health Decision Sciences, Faculty of Medicine University of Porto Porto Portugal"},{"name":"CINTESIS@RISE \u2010 Centre for Health Technology and Services Research, Health Research Network, Faculty of Medicine University of Porto Porto Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1834-3055","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rafael Jos\u00e9","family":"Vieira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MEDCIDS\u2014Department of Community Medicine, Information and Health Decision Sciences, Faculty of Medicine University of Porto Porto Portugal"},{"name":"CINTESIS@RISE \u2010 Centre for Health Technology and Services Research, Health Research Network, Faculty of Medicine University of Porto Porto Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3432-6837","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yi\u2010Kui","family":"Xiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Allergology Charit\u00e9\u2014Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin and Humboldt\u2010Universit\u00e4t Zu Berlin Berlin Germany"},{"name":"Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP Immunology and Allergology Berlin Germany"},{"name":"Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine Shanghai China"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Gil\u2010Mata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MEDCIDS\u2014Department of Community Medicine, Information and Health Decision Sciences, Faculty of Medicine University of Porto Porto Portugal"},{"name":"CINTESIS@RISE \u2010 Centre for Health Technology and Services Research, Health Research Network, Faculty of Medicine University of Porto Porto Portugal"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Bedbrook","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ARIA (Allergic Rhinitis and Its Impact on Asthma) Montpellier France"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9138-9215","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Baharudin","family":"Abdullah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medical Sciences Universiti Sains Malaysia Kubang Kerian Kelantan Malaysia"}]},{"given":"Mona","family":"Al\u2010Ahmad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology Department College of Medicine, Kuwait University Kuwait City Kuwait"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9354-0214","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maryam Ali","family":"Al\u2010Nesf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Adult Allergy and Immunology Division Hamad Medical Corporation Doha Qatar"}]},{"given":"Emilio","family":"Alvarez\u2010Cuesta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Academic in Allergy and Immunology, Allergy Division Former Head, Ramon & Cajal University Hospital Madrid Spain"}]},{"given":"Salma Mussagy","family":"Amade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine Maputo Central Hospital Maputo Mozambique"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-1493-7101","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julijana","family":"Asllani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine University of Medicine Tirana Albania"}]},{"given":"Kazi S.","family":"Bennoor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine National Institute of Diseases of the Chest and Hospital Dhaka Bangladesh"}]},{"given":"Elena Camelia","family":"Berghea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy Bucharest Romania"},{"name":"Marie Curie Emergency Children's Hospital Bucharest Romania"}]},{"given":"Mario","family":"Calvo\u2010Gil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatrics Department Universidad Austral de Chile Valdivia Chile"}]},{"given":"Luis R.","family":"Caraballo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Immunological Research University of Cartagena, Campus de Zaragocilla Cartagena de Indias Colombia"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Castro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Allergy and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine University of Buenos Aires Buenos Aires Argentina"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0658-2449","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lorenzo","family":"Cecchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Allergy and Clinical Immunology Unit San Giovanni di Dio Hospital Florence Italy"}]},{"given":"Deepa","family":"Choudhury","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Paediatric Allergy Clinic, Department of Dermatology Amersham Hospital\u2010NHS Hospital Trust Amersham UK"}]},{"given":"George","family":"Christoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bulgarian Alliance for Clinical and Translational Allergy Sofia Bulgaria"}]},{"given":"Derek K.","family":"Chu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact & Department of Medicine McMaster University Hamilton Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Evidence in Allergy Group McMaster University and the Research Institute of St. Joe's Hamilton Hamilton Ontario Canada"}]},{"given":"Ieva","family":"Cirule","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Latvian Association of Allergists University Children Hospital Riga Latvia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7403-3871","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alvaro A.","family":"Cruz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fundacao ProAR and (Faculdade de Medicina da) Universidade Federal da Bahia Salvador Bahia Brazil"}]},{"given":"Dejan","family":"Dokic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Faculty Skopje University Clinic of Pulmology and Allergy Skopje North Macedonia"}]},{"given":"Bilun","family":"Gemicioglu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Cerrahpa\u015fa Faculty of Medicine Istanbul University\u2010Cerrahpa\u015fa Istanbul Turkey"},{"name":"Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Institute of Pulmonology and Tuberculosis Istanbul University\u2010Cerrahpa\u015fa Istanbul 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Hospital 115, University Hospital Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam"}]},{"given":"D\u00e9sir\u00e9e E.","family":"Larenas\u2010Linnemann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Excellence in Asthma and Allergy M\u00e9dica Sur Clinical Foundation and Hospital M\u00e9xico City Mexico"}]},{"given":"Bassam","family":"Mahboub","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pulmonary Department Rashid Hospital, DUBAI Health Dubai UAE"},{"name":"Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences University of Sharjah Sharjah UAE"}]},{"given":"Padukudru A.","family":"Mahesh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine JSS Medical College, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research Mysuru India"}]},{"given":"Mohammed Reza","family":"Masjedi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tobacco Control Research Center (TCRC), Iranian Anti\u2010Tobacco Association Tehran Iran"},{"name":"Department of Pulmonary Medicine, School of Medicine 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