{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,6]],"date-time":"2026-05-06T09:15:07Z","timestamp":1778058907022,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,6]],"date-time":"2026-05-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778025600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,6]],"date-time":"2026-05-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778025600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clin Experimental Allergy"],"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Background<\/jats:title>\n Allergic rhinitis displays a relevant impact on quality of life. Medications used in the treatment of rhinitis have been assessed on their impact on rhinoconjunctivitis\u2010related quality of life, but not on generic health\u2010related quality of life metrics, such as utilities or EQ\u20105D visual analogue scale (VAS) levels. This study aimed to compare different medication classes and individual medications on utilities and EQ\u20105D VAS levels using data from a mobile app.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n We conducted an observational study using direct patient data from the MASK\u2010air mobile application, collected between May 2015 and December 2024. We compared rhinitis medication classes and individual medications on health utilities (computed from the EQ\u20105D\u20105L questionnaire) and the EQ\u20105D VAS. To account for confounding, we employed inverse probability treatment weighting based on propensity scores, adjusting for demographics, baseline symptom control, and asthma status.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n The study analysed 69,973 observations with EQ\u20105D VAS data and 842 observations with utility data. At the medication class level, fixed combinations of intranasal antihistamines and corticosteroids were associated with improvements in EQ\u20105D VAS (mean difference\u2009=\u20091.900; 95% CI\u2009=\u20091.316\u20132.484) and utilities (mean difference\u2009=\u20090.022; 95% CI\u2009=\u2009\u22120.015 to 0.059) compared with oral antihistamines (OAH). Intranasal antihistamines were associated with lower EQ\u20105D VAS and utility scores than other intranasal treatments. For individual medications, mometasone was associated with a lower EQ\u20105D VAS than budesonide and fluticasone furoate, while fexofenadine and levocetirizine tended to be associated with lower VAS values than other OAH.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n Fixed combinations of intranasal antihistamines and corticosteroids were associated with better quality\u2010of\u2010life than oral antihistamines and intranasal antihistamines. These findings could support future cost\u2010effectiveness analyses.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cea.70335","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,6]],"date-time":"2026-05-06T08:29:28Z","timestamp":1778056168000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Comparison of Allergic Rhinitis Treatments on Utilities and Quality of Life: A\n MASK<\/scp>\n \u2010air Study"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8133-4667","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nuno","family":"Louren\u00e7o\u2010Silva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"MEDCIDS \u2013 Department of Community Medicine, Information and Health Decision Sciences, Faculty of Medicine University of Porto Porto Portugal"},{"name":"CINTESIS@RISE \u2013 Health Research Network, Faculty of Medicine University of Porto Porto Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1277-3401","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bernardo","family":"Sousa\u2010Pinto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MEDCIDS \u2013 Department of Community Medicine, Information and Health Decision Sciences, Faculty of Medicine University of Porto Porto Portugal"},{"name":"CINTESIS@RISE \u2013 Health Research Network, Faculty of Medicine University of Porto Porto Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0128-903X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonio","family":"Bognanni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Epidemiology and Research Center (CERC) Humanitas University and Humanitas Research Hospital Milan Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5468-0932","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana Margarida","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MEDCIDS \u2013 Department of Community Medicine, Information and Health Decision Sciences, Faculty of Medicine University of Porto Porto Portugal"},{"name":"CINTESIS@RISE \u2013 Health Research Network, Faculty of Medicine University of Porto Porto Portugal"},{"name":"Allergy Unit Instituto and Hospital CUF Porto Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0882-6547","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo\u00e3o","family":"Coutinho\u2010Almeida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MEDCIDS \u2013 Department of Community Medicine, Information and Health Decision Sciences, Faculty of Medicine University of Porto Porto Portugal"},{"name":"CINTESIS@RISE \u2013 Health Research Network, Faculty of Medicine University of Porto Porto Portugal"}]},{"given":"Rita","family":"Amaral","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MEDCIDS \u2013 Department of Community Medicine, Information and Health Decision Sciences, Faculty of Medicine University of Porto Porto Portugal"},{"name":"CINTESIS@RISE \u2013 Health Research Network, Faculty of Medicine University of Porto Porto Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular and Respiratory Sciences, Porto Health School Polytechnic Institute of Porto Porto Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Women's and Children's Health, Paediatric Research Uppsala University Uppsala Sweden"}]},{"given":"Luisa","family":"Brussino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Sciences University of Torino Torino Italy"},{"name":"Allergy and Clinical Immunology Unit Mauriziano Hospital Torino Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9568-6882","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mattia","family":"Giovannini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Allergy Unit Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS Florence Italy"},{"name":"Department of Health Sciences University of Florence Florence Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5953-4881","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bilun","family":"Gemicioglu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Cerrahpa\u015fa Faculty of Medicine Istanbul University\u2010Cerrahpa\u015fa Istanbul Turkey"},{"name":"Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Institute of Pulmonology and Tuberculosis Istanbul University\u2010Cerrahpa\u015fa Istanbul Turkey"}]},{"given":"Violeta","family":"Kvedariene","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic of Chest Diseases and Allergology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine Vilnius University Vilnius Lithuania"},{"name":"Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Vilnius University Vilnius Lithuania"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5713-5331","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Desiree E.","family":"Larenas\u2010Linnemann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Excellence in Asthma and Allergy M\u00e9dica Sur Clinical Foundation and Hospital M\u00e9xico City Mexico"}]},{"given":"Manuel","family":"Marques\u2010Cruz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MEDCIDS \u2013 Department of Community Medicine, Information and Health Decision Sciences, Faculty of Medicine University of Porto Porto Portugal"},{"name":"CINTESIS@RISE \u2013 Health Research Network, Faculty of Medicine University of Porto Porto Portugal"}]},{"given":"Nikolaos G.","family":"Papadopoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Allergy Department, 2nd Pediatric Clinic University of Athens Athens Greece"}]},{"given":"Nh\u00e2n","family":"Pham\u2010Thi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ecole Polytechnique de Palaiseau Palaiseau France"},{"name":"IRBA (Institut de Recherche Bio\u2010M\u00e9dicale des Arm\u00e9es) Bretigny sur Orge France"},{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9 Paris France"},{"name":"Center for Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Al\u00e9sia Paris France"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6332-3056","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Frederico S.","family":"Regateiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Allergy and Clinical Immunology Department, Hospitais da Universidade de Coimbra Unidade Local de Sa\u00fade de Coimbra Coimbra Portugal"},{"name":"Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), Faculty of Medicine University of Coimbra Coimbra Portugal"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Immunology University of Coimbra Coimbra Portugal"},{"name":"UBIAir \u2013 Clinical & Experimental Lung Centre and CICS\u2010UBI Health Sciences Research Centre University of Beira Interior Covilh\u00e3 Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0890-6686","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sanna K.","family":"Toppila\u2010Salmi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology University of Eastern Finland and the North Savo Wellbeing Services County Kuopio Finland"},{"name":"Department of Allergy, Skin and Allergy Hospital, Inflammation Center Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland"}]},{"given":"Boleslaw","family":"Samolinski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Prevention of Environmental Hazards, Allergology and Immunology Medical University of Warsaw Warsaw Poland"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4689-6837","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joaquin","family":"Sastre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Allergy Service, Fundacion Jimenez Diaz Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, CIBERES\u2010ISCIII Madrid Spain"}]},{"given":"Lu\u00eds","family":"Taborda\u2010Barata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"RISE\u2010Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, and UBIAir\u2010Clinical & Experimental Lung Centre University of Beira Interior Covilh\u00e3 Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Immunoallergology Unidade Local de Sa\u00fade, Cova da Beira Covilh\u00e3 Portugal"}]},{"given":"Arunas","family":"Valiulis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic of Asthma, Allergy and Chronic Lung Diseases Vilnius Lithuania"},{"name":"Institute of Clinical Medicine and Institute of Health Sciences Medical Faculty of Vilnius University Vilnius Lithuania"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4969-5678","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leticia de las","family":"Vecillas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Allergy Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research (IdiPAZ) Madrid Spain"}]},{"given":"Maria Teresa","family":"Ventura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Bari Medical School Bari Italy"},{"name":"Institute of Sciences of Food Production National Research Council (ISPA\u2010CNR) Bari Italy"}]},{"given":"Oliver","family":"Pfaar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Rhinology and Allergy, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery University Hospital Marburg, Philipps\u2010Universit\u00e4t Marburg Marburg Germany"}]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o A.","family":"Fonseca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MEDCIDS \u2013 Department of Community Medicine, Information and Health Decision Sciences, Faculty of Medicine University of Porto Porto Portugal"},{"name":"CINTESIS@RISE \u2013 Health Research Network, Faculty of Medicine University of Porto Porto Portugal"},{"name":"Allergy Unit Instituto and Hospital CUF Porto Portugal"}]},{"given":"Torsten","family":"Zuberbier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Allergology, Charit\u00e9 \u2013 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin Corporate Member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin and Humboldt\u2010Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin Berlin Germany"},{"name":"Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Immunology and Allergology Berlin 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