{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T10:55:01Z","timestamp":1791888901664,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,12]],"date-time":"2019-07-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1562889600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001538","name":"Victoria University of Wellington","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PhD Scholarship"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PhD Scholarship"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001538","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["conbio.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Conservation Biology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Understanding what drives environmentally protective or destructive behavior is important to the design and implementation of effective public policies to encourage people's engagement in proenvironmental behavior (PEB). Research shows that a connection to nature is associated with greater engagement in PEB. However, the variety of instruments and methods used in these studies poses a major barrier to integrating research findings. We conducted a meta\u2010analysis of the relationship between connection to nature and PEB. We identified studies through a systematic review of the literature and used Comprehensive Meta\u2010Analysis software to analyze the results from 37 samples (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 13,237) and to test for moderators. A random\u2010effects model demonstrated a positive and significant association between connection to nature and PEB (\n                    <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 0.42, 95% CI 0.36, 0.47,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; 0.001). People who are more connected to nature reported greater engagement in PEB. Standard tests indicated little effect of publication bias in the sample. There was significant heterogeneity among the samples. Univariate categorical analyses showed that the scales used to measure connection to nature and PEB were significant moderators and explained the majority of the between\u2010study variance. The geographic location of a study, age of participants, and the percentage of females in a study were not significant moderators. We found that a deeper connection to nature may partially explain why some people behave more proenvironmentally than others and that the relationship is ubiquitous. Facilitating a stronger connection to nature may result in greater engagement in PEB and conservation, although more longitudinal studies with randomized experiments are required to demonstrate causation.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/cobi.13381","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,28]],"date-time":"2019-06-28T08:48:23Z","timestamp":1561711703000},"page":"180-193","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":636,"title":["Meta\u2010analysis of human connection to nature and proenvironmental behavior"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"34","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6212-9860","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julie","family":"Whitburn","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biological Sciences, Te Toki a Rata Building Victoria University of Wellington  Kelburn Parade, Kelburn Wellington 6012 New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2627-693X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wayne","family":"Linklater","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biological Sciences, Te Toki a Rata Building Victoria University of Wellington  Kelburn Parade, Kelburn Wellington 6012 New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wokje","family":"Abrahamse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Geography, Environment and Earth Sciences, Cotton Building Victoria University of Wellington  Kelburn Parade, Kelburn Wellington 6012 New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","unstructured":"Studies included in the meta\u2010analyis are marked with an asterisk."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0749-5978(91)90020-T"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0272-4944(05)80147-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvp.2006.12.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2015.05.026"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvp.2014.06.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/0470870168.ch11"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","volume-title":"Comprehensive meta\u2010analysis software","author":"Borenstein M.","year":"2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470743386"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/jevp.1996.0008"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1027\/1016-9040\/a000032"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2014.00976"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.73.3.481"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7551\/mitpress\/3644.003.0005"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvp.2015.09.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvp.2008.11.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13504622.2014.964188"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0013916506298794"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01621459.2000.10473905"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.315.7109.629"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1113028"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-6494.1983.tb00338.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0956797617741894"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881117714049"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1523-1739.2006.00598.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stueduc.2013.10.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","volume-title":"The heart of man, its genius for good and evil","author":"Fromm E.","year":"1964"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0127247"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvp.2010.01.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ijcs.12290"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.66.2.348"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_33_1","unstructured":"HedgesLV OlkinI.1985.Statistical methods for meta\u2010analysis. 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