{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T14:39:46Z","timestamp":1790779186011,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,15]],"date-time":"2016-06-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1465948800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["CONSERVATION LETTERS"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Experimental demonstration of direct exploitative competition between foraging honey bees and native bees in wildlands has proven elusive, due to problems of experimental design, scale, and context\u2010dependence. We propose a different approach that translates floral resources collected by a honey bee colony into progeny equivalents of an average solitary bee. Such a metric is needed by public land managers confronting migratory beekeeper demands for insecticide\u2010free, convenient, resource\u2010rich habitats for summering. We calculate that, from June\u2013August, a strong colony gathers as much pollen as could produce 100,000 progeny of an average solitary bee. Analogous to the animal unit month (AUM) for livestock, a hive unit month (HUM) is therefore 33,000 native bee progeny. By this calculation, a 40\u2010hive apiary residing on wildlands for 3 months collects the pollen equivalent of four million wild bees. We introduce a rapid assessment metric to gauge stocking of honey bees, and briefly highlight alternative strategies to provide quality pasture for honey bees with minimal impact on native bees.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/conl.12263","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,19]],"date-time":"2016-05-19T23:52:49Z","timestamp":1463701969000},"page":"205-210","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":152,"title":["Gauging the Effect of Honey Bee Pollen Collection on Native Bee Communities"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"James H.","family":"Cane","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"USDA\u2010ARS Pollinating Insect Research Unit (PIRU) Utah State University  Logan UT 84322\u20135310 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vincent J.","family":"Tepedino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology Utah State University  Logan UT 84322\u20135305 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","unstructured":"Beard C.(2015). 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