{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T00:08:45Z","timestamp":1773014925234,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,15]],"date-time":"2025-12-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765756800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,15]],"date-time":"2025-12-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765756800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001711","name":"Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur F\u00f6rderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PCEFP3_194618\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PCEFP3_194618\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001711","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001711","name":"Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur F\u00f6rderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PCEGP3_186978"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PCEGP3_186978"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001711","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008945","name":"Stiftung FHNW","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008945","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010886","name":"Nestl\u00e9 Health Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010886","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100022761","name":"Fondation Pierre Mercier","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100022761","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dom-pubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Diabetes Obesity Metabolism"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are among the leading global health challenges of the 21st century. While caloric restriction remains the cornerstone of weight loss interventions, ketogenic diets (KD), characterised by low carbohydrate and high fat intake, have been shown to improve metabolic health partly by modulating the gut microbiome. This study investigated the effects of a short\u2010term KD on gut microbiome composition and function in severely obese, prediabetic patients, compared to an energy\u2010matched standard diet (SD).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In a randomised trial, patients with BMI &gt;35\u2009kg\/m\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      and prediabetes underwent either a 2\u2010week KD or isocaloric SD, both inducing a 30% energy deficit. Faecal samples collected before and after the intervention, alongside samples from healthy controls, were analysed by whole\u2010genome metagenomic sequencing.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>At baseline, prediabetic patients exhibited greater interindividual variability and lower alpha diversity than healthy controls. KD resulted in a significant reduction of alpha diversity, largely driven by a selective loss of Lachnospiraceae, with a concomitant increase in Bacteroidaceae. Functional profiling revealed that KD, but not SD, altered genes coding for enzymes involved in energy metabolism, amino acid synthesis, nucleic acid activity, RNA modification, and vitamin biosynthesis. Additionally, serum acetate levels increased significantly following KD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These findings underscore that KD, independent of caloric intake, acutely remodels the gut microbiome's taxonomic and functional landscape, highlighting the microbiome as a potential mediator of KD's metabolic effects.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.70364","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,15]],"date-time":"2025-12-15T11:08:46Z","timestamp":1765796926000},"page":"1826-1835","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Taxonomic and functional shifts in the microbiome of severely obese, prediabetic patients: Ketogenic diet versus energy\u2010matched standard diet"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"June","family":"Stone","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut f\u00fcr Bioanalytik Hochschule f\u00fcr Lifesciences, Fachhochschule Nordwestschweiz  Muttenz Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6096-0009","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Afroditi","family":"Tripyla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology, Nutritional Medicine and Metabolism Inselspital Bern University Hospital and University of Bern  Bern Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-8213-0725","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Melanie C.","family":"Scalise","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diabetes Center Berne  Bern Switzerland"},{"name":"Institute for Infectious Diseases University of Bern  Bern Switzerland"},{"name":"Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences University of Bern  Bern Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0356-6352","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria L.","family":"Balmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diabetes Center Berne  Bern Switzerland"},{"name":"Institute for Infectious Diseases University of Bern  Bern Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1993-7672","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lia","family":"Bally","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology, Nutritional Medicine and Metabolism Inselspital Bern University Hospital and University of Bern  Bern Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2328-9794","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dominik M.","family":"Meinel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut f\u00fcr Bioanalytik Hochschule f\u00fcr Lifesciences, Fachhochschule Nordwestschweiz  Muttenz Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0884533615609896"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.110.010132"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11010\u2010007\u20109448\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16244374"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2019.00005"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2005.08.027"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox7050063"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598\u2010018\u201025190\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms19123720"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/JIR.S300989"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu5041417"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41522\u2010018\u20100073\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2018.10.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.22037\/ghfbb.v15i4.2600"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jada.2005.02.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biom9040121"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978\u20101\u20104939\u20107015\u20105_11"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467\u2010020\u201018871\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature18309"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13229\u2010016\u20100099\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2020.101007"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14132627"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms8040573"}],"container-title":["Diabetes, 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