{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,26]],"date-time":"2026-10-26T04:32:58Z","timestamp":1792989178989,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,25]],"date-time":"2026-10-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792886400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,25]],"date-time":"2026-10-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792886400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100016573","name":"Japan Association for Diabetes Education and Care","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100016573","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004330","name":"Smoking Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004330","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dom-pubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Diabetes Obesity Metabolism"],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Smoking cessation may transiently increase diabetes risk through weight gain, but its temporal trajectory remains unclear. We evaluated the long\u2010term effect of smoking cessation on incident diabetes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted a target trial emulation using a sequential\u2010cohort design with repeated annual enrollment. Using annual health checkup data of Japanese employees from 2008 to 2022, we newly enrolled, at each annual assessment, and started follow\u2010up individuals aged 40\u2009years or older who were currently smoking and free of diabetes. Inverse probability weighting was used to adjust for baseline confounding in every sequential cohort. We estimated cumulative risks for quit\u2010smoking and persistent\u2010smoking groups, and their differences and ratios.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>From 52\u2009880 unique participants, a total of 331\u2009701 participants were followed\u2010up in the sequential cohorts, with a mean (standard deviation) age of 49.1 (5.7) years, and 25\u2009749 developed diabetes. The risk ratio (95% confidence interval) for diabetes in the quit\u2010smoking group relative to the persistent\u2010smoking group was 1.15 (1.07\u20131.24) at 3\u2009years and 0.95 (0.85\u20131.06) at 15\u2009years. Per\u2010protocol analyses showed a similar pattern.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Smoking cessation was associated with a short\u2010term increase in diabetes risk, but this excess risk diminished over time, and no long\u2010term increase in risk was observed. These findings support sustained smoking cessation as metabolically beneficial in the long term.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.71477","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,26]],"date-time":"2026-10-26T03:39:22Z","timestamp":1792985962000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Preventive Effect of Smoking Cessation on Diabetes Onset: A Target Trial Emulation Approach"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-5617-7978","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shinta","family":"Yamamoto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science  Kyoto 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University of Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science  Kyoto Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoshitaka","family":"Hashimoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology Matsushita Memorial Hospital  Osaka Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arata","family":"Sano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Surgery Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Medicine Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science  Kyoto Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1031-4380","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emi","family":"Ushigome","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Fundamental Science Kyoto Institute of Technology  Kyoto 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