{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]],"date-time":"2026-04-27T06:41:32Z","timestamp":1777272092306,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,26]],"date-time":"2026-04-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777161600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,26]],"date-time":"2026-04-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777161600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100021823","name":"Klima- og milj\u00f8departementet","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100021823","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002341","name":"Research Council of Finland","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["340901"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["340901"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002341","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002341","name":"Research Council of Finland","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["346293"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["346293"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002341","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ecology of Freshwater Fish"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Increasing numbers of invasive Pacific pink salmon (\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Oncorhynchus gorbuscha<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    ) are spawning in northern Norwegian rivers, leading to large numbers of juveniles migrating to coastal waters. This raises concerns about food competition with native salmonids in rivers, although details about the timing and intensity of pink salmon feeding and the characteristics of their freshwater diet remain unclear. Some evidence indicates that pink salmon can also serve as a food source for native salmonids, as do the carcasses of spawned adults, eggs and juveniles. This study investigated largely unexplored aspects of the emergence timing and feeding behaviour of juvenile pink salmon. The prevalence, timing and impact of fish size on freshwater feeding was examined across 10 rivers in northern Norway, using stomach content and stable isotope (\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b4<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sup>13<\/jats:sup>\n                    C and\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b4<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sup>15<\/jats:sup>\n                    N) analyses to assess diet composition. Similar methods were applied to assess whether native juvenile salmonids feed on pink salmon tissue, such as juveniles, during their migration. Predictions of the emergence times of alevins show that later spawning, thought to cause increased potential negative interactions with native fish, is an unlikely strategy for pink salmon in northern Norway. In three of the rivers, some of the largest free\u2010swimming pink salmon juveniles sampled in this study (30\u201335\u2009mm) began external feeding on freshwater invertebrates later in the season (June and July), with larval and pupae chironomids as well as blackfly and mayfly nymphs dominating their diets. Feeding was not observed in all rivers, highlighting the need for further study on the prevalence and intensity of freshwater feeding. Stomach content and stable isotope analyses revealed that some larger native Atlantic salmon and brown trout juveniles consumed pink salmon juveniles, complicating assessments of their overall impact on native salmonids.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/eff.70047","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]],"date-time":"2026-04-27T05:45:41Z","timestamp":1777268741000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The Feeding Ecology of Invasive Pink Salmon Juveniles in Northern Norwegian Rivers and Their Role as Prey to Native Salmonids"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"35","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2397-1841","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katherine","family":"Dunlop","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Marine Research Framsenteret  Troms\u00f8 Norway"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8893-0135","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antti P.","family":"Eloranta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological and Environmental Science University of Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4  Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4 Finland"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4036-4207","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karl \u00d8ystein","family":"Gjelland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Norwegian Institute for Nature Research Framsenteret  Troms\u00f8 Norway"}]},{"given":"Sigurd","family":"Sl\u00e5teng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics UiT The Arctic University of Norway  Troms\u00f8 Norway"},{"name":"Naturtjenester i Nord  Troms\u00f8 Norway"}]},{"given":"Jenny","family":"Jensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Akvaplan\u2010Niva AS Framsenteret  Troms\u00f8 Norway"}]},{"given":"Rune","family":"Knudsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics UiT The Arctic University of Norway  Troms\u00f8 Norway"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7411-1331","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mikko","family":"Kiljunen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological and Environmental Science University of Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4  Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4 Finland"},{"name":"Natural Resources Institute Finland  Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4 Finland"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8322-7248","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hallvard","family":"Jensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research  Troms\u00f8 Norway"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8276-9686","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martin A.","family":"Svenning","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Norwegian Institute for Nature Research Framsenteret  Troms\u00f8 Norway"}]},{"given":"Rune","family":"Muladal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Naturtjenester i Nord  Troms\u00f8 Norway"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3703-7152","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andr\u00e9","family":"Frainer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Norwegian Institute for Nature Research Framsenteret  Troms\u00f8 Norway"},{"name":"Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics UiT The Arctic University of Norway  Troms\u00f8 Norway"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0990\u20107440(01)01127\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jfb.14151"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v067.i01"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0044\u20108486(86)90092\u2010X"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1139\/z87\u2010015"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1139\/z88\u2010388"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1577\/1548\u20108659(1990)119<0927:TESADO>2.3.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1577\/1548\u20108659(1988)117<0109:VIBSME>2.3.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","unstructured":"Berntsen H. andT. B.Havn.2024.\u201cPukkellaks i Norge 2023 (NINA Rapport 2493).\u201d Norsk Institutt for Naturforskning.https:\/\/hdl.handle.net\/11250\/3159581."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","first-page":"111","article-title":"A Bioenergetics Approach to Estimating Consumption of Zooplankton by Juvenile Pink Salmon in Prince William Sound, Alaska","volume":"9","author":"Boldt J. L.","year":"2002","journal-title":"Alaska Fisheries Research Bulletin"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10530\u2010021\u201002490\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11160\u2010021\u201009689\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1602480113"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/eff.12582"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jfb.15625"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jfb.15157"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/icesjms\/fsx020"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1139\/cjfas\u20102012\u20100390"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1139\/cjfas\u20102021\u20100163"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","volume-title":"Pacific Salmon Life Histories","author":"Groot C.","year":"1991"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","volume-title":"Pacific Fishes of Canada","author":"Hart J. L.","year":"1973"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","first-page":"119","volume-title":"Pacific Salmon Life Histories","author":"Heard W. R.","year":"1991"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2023.0323"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","volume-title":"Assessment of the Risk to Norwegian Biodiversity and Aquaculture From Pink Salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha)","author":"Hindar K.","year":"2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1139\/f50\u2010015"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_1","unstructured":"Intergovernmental Science\u2010Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES).2023.\u201cThematic Assessment Report on Invasive Alien Species and Their Control.\u201d IPBES Secretariat."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1134\/S0032945224700152"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1134\/S0032945218060085"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600\u20100633.2003.00010.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/faf.12760"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_32_1","first-page":"3","article-title":"Food of Downstream Migrant Young Summer Chum Salmon and Pink Salmon in Amur Tributaries","volume":"45","author":"Levanidov V.","year":"1957","journal-title":"Proceedings of the Khabarovsk Branch of PINTRO"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/19425120.2011.593467"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eap.1642"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oneear.2019.10.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jfb.13682"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1139\/z88\u2010038"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1134\/S0032945219060110"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_39_1","volume-title":"The Behavior and Ecology of Pacific Salmon and Trout","author":"Quinn T. P.","year":"2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_40_1","unstructured":"R Core Team.2025.\u201cR: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing.\u201dR Foundation for Statistical Computing.https:\/\/www.r\u2010project.org\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10530\u2010018\u20101904\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_42_1","volume-title":"Freshwater Fishes of Canada","author":"Scott W. B.","year":"1973"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jfb.15556"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jfb.15304"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365\u20102400.2007.00553.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_46_1","volume-title":"Management of Pink Salmon in the North Atlantic and Their Potential Threats to Wild Atlantic Salmon","author":"Thorstad E. B.","year":"2024"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10750\u2010009\u20109852\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1134\/S0032945216040159"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dsr2.2016.06.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1054\u20106006.2001.00042.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_51_1","volume-title":"Inland Fishes of Washington","author":"Wydoski R. S.","year":"1979"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_52_1","unstructured":"Zubchenko A. V. A. E.Veselov andS.Kalyuzhin.2004.\u201cPink Salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha): Problems in Acclimatization in Europe and North Russia.\u201d [In Russian] Polar Research Institute of Marine Fisheries and Oceanography (PINRO)."}],"container-title":["Ecology of Freshwater Fish"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/eff.70047","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/eff.70047","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/eff.70047","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]],"date-time":"2026-04-27T05:45:48Z","timestamp":1777268748000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/eff.70047"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,26]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/eff.70047"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/eff.70047","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0906-6691","1600-0633"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0906-6691","type":"print"},{"value":"1600-0633","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,26]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-08-05","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-03-18","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-04-26","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70047"}}