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These kinetic measurements must be performed soon after the purified enzyme is mixed with a large excess of substrate. Other time scales and solution compositions are no less physiologically relevant, but fall outside the range of applicability of the classical formalism. Here we show that the complete picture of an enzyme's mode of function is critically obscured by the limited scope of conventional kinetic analysis, even in the simplest case of a single active site without inhibition. This picture is now unveiled in a mathematically closed form that remains valid over the reaction time for all combinations of enzyme\/substrate concentrations and rate constants. Algebraic simplicity is maintained in the new formalism when stationary reaction phases are considered. By achieving this century\u2010old objective, the otherwise hidden role of the reversible binding step is revealed and atypical kinetic profiles are explained. Most singular kinetic behaviors are identified in a critical region of conditions that coincide with typical cell conditions. Because it is not covered by the Michaelis\u2013Menten model, the critical region has been missed until now by low\u2010 and high\u2010throughput screenings of new drugs. New possibilities are therefore raised for novel and once\u2010promising inhibitors to therapeutically target enzymes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/febs.13275","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,24]],"date-time":"2015-03-24T21:39:59Z","timestamp":1427233199000},"page":"2309-2316","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Enzyme kinetics: the whole picture reveals hidden meanings"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"282","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6337-3459","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria F.","family":"Pinto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Ci\u00eancias Biom\u00e9dicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS) Universidade do Porto Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Berta N.","family":"Estevinho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Engenharia de Processos, Ambiente, Biotecnologia e 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