{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T23:06:46Z","timestamp":1773011206905,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,23]],"date-time":"2026-02-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771804800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,23]],"date-time":"2026-02-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771804800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int Endodontic J"],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Understanding root canal morphology is crucial for successful endodontic treatment; however, the anatomy of mandibular first premolars (M1Ps) remains one of the most variable and challenging aspects. The Vertucci classification provides a standardised framework for describing canal configurations; however, population\u2010level data integrating multiple countries are scarce. This study aimed to evaluate the global distribution and determinants of Vertucci canal morphology in M1Ps using a Bayesian hierarchical model.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cone\u2010beam computed tomography (CBCT) data of M1Ps from 21 countries were analysed. The Vertucci classification was used as the categorical outcome variable. The predictors included tooth side (34\/44), voxel size, field of view (FOV), sex and age, with the country modelled as a random intercept. A Bayesian hierarchical multinomial logistic regression was fitted using the brms package (rstan backend) with weakly informative priors. Posterior estimates were expressed as odds ratios (OR) and 95% credible intervals (CrI), and model\u2010based predicted probabilities were computed for each Vertucci type.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Bayesian modelling estimated the posterior probability of Vertucci Type I configuration at 73.4% (95% CrI: 63.8%\u201381.5%). Non\u2013Type I configurations showed lower but credible probabilities, including Type V (8.2%, 3.6%\u201315.9%), Type III (3.7%, 1.6%\u20137.7%), Type IV (2.9%, 1.2%\u20136.3%) and Type II (1.3%, 0.5%\u20133.1%). Unclassified canal patterns accounted for approximately one\u2010tenth of the MnP1s (9.9%, 3.9%\u201319.2%). Substantial variability was observed between countries for non\u2013Type I and unclassified configurations, whereas Type I remained consistently predominant. Sex and age exerted modest effects, whereas tooth side and field of view showed no meaningful associations. Increasing the voxel size was associated with a slight reduction in the probability of Type I and marginal increases in Type V and unclassified configurations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Although Vertucci Type I configuration predominates globally in MnP1s, clinically relevant non\u2013Type I and unclassified canal patterns occur with non\u2010negligible frequency and vary across populations. Bayesian hierarchical modelling enables the robust quantification of anatomical heterogeneity and uncertainty, supporting more reliable cross\u2010country comparisons and cautious interpretation of less common canal configurations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/iej.70121","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T17:43:18Z","timestamp":1772991798000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Bayesian Hierarchical Modelling of Root Canal Morphology in Mandibular First Premolars Across 21 Countries"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"given":"Fatma","family":"Pertek Hatipo\u011flu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endodontics Recep Tayyip Erdo\u011fan University  Rize Turkey"}]},{"given":"G\u00fcldane","family":"Magat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry Necmettin Erbakan University  Konya Turkey"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0313-9695","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohmed Isaqali","family":"Karobari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences Saveetha University  Chennai Tamil Nadu India"}]},{"given":"Glynn Dale","family":"Buchanan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Odontology, School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences University of Pretoria  Pretoria South Africa"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney Dental School The University of Sydney  Camperdown New South Wales Australia"}]},{"given":"Maira","family":"Kopbayeva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Dentistry, Department of Therapeutics Dentistry Kazakh National Medical University Named After S.D. Asfendiyarov  Almaty Kazakhstan"}]},{"given":"Nessrin","family":"Taha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Conservative Dentistry Jordan University of Science and Technology  Irbid Jordan"}]},{"given":"Nisrein","family":"Makahleh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dental Teaching Clinics Jordan University of Science and Technology  Irbid Jordan"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1431-8373","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rafael","family":"Fern\u00e1ndez\u2010Grisales","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry CES University  Medell\u00edn Colombia"}]},{"given":"Olga","family":"Bekjanova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Dentistry Tashkent State Medical University  Tashkent Uzbekistan"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Luu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney Dental School The University of Sydney  Camperdown New South Wales Australia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4886-4759","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sebastian","family":"B\u00fcrklein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Central Interdisciplinary Ambulance in the School of Dentistry University of M\u00fcnster  M\u00fcnster Germany"}]},{"given":"Abdulbaset","family":"Mufadhal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Restorative and Aesthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry Sana'a University  Sana'a Yemen"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3449-231X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xenos","family":"Petridis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endodontics, Section of Dental Pathology and Therapeutics, School of Dentistry National and Kapodistrian University of Athens  Athens Greece"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda Fernanda","family":"Mora","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endodontic Department of Dentistry Universidad Central del Ecuador  Quito Ecuador"}]},{"given":"Surendar","family":"Sugumaran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology and Comprehensive Care Dentistry NYU College of Dentistry  New York New York USA"}]},{"given":"Safaa","family":"Allawi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endodontic and Operative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry Damascus University  Damascus Syria"}]},{"given":"Anja","family":"Ivica","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Zagreb School of Dental Medicine  Zagreb Croatia"}]},{"given":"Wen Yi","family":"Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Restorative Dentistry National Dental Centre  Singapore Singapore"}]},{"given":"Abdulrahman","family":"Fadag","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endodontics Department, Faculty of Dentistry Ibb University  Ibb Yemen"}]},{"given":"Rohan","family":"Jagtap","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology University of Mississippi Medical Center School of Dentistry  Jackson Mississippi USA"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9","family":"Mart\u00edn\u2010Cruces","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endodontics and Restorative Dentistry Unit, School of Medicine and Dentistry Universidade de Santiago de Compostela  Santiago de Compostela Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0312-619X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tomasz","family":"Kulczyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostics Poznan University of Medical Sciences  Poznan Poland"}]},{"given":"Suha","family":"Alfirjani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics University of Benghazi  Benghazi Libya"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4730-8072","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paulo J.","family":"Palma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Innovation and Research in 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