{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,31]],"date-time":"2025-01-31T05:17:29Z","timestamp":1738300649581,"version":"3.35.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,6,9]],"date-time":"2008-06-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1212969600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Brit J Clinical Pharma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:label\/><jats:p><jats:bold>WHAT IS ALREADY KNOWN ABOUT THIS SUBJECT<\/jats:bold><\/jats:p><jats:p>\u2022\u2002HIV\u20101 co\u2010infection with HBV\/HCV is the most important factor determining efavirenz\u2010induced liver toxicity. Higher efavirenz plasma concentrations have been reported in these patients facilitating concentration drug\u2010related adverse effects.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\u2022\u2002It is not known whether changes in efavirenz disposition are due to the hepatitis infection\/inflammation or to liver failure. As a consequence, the guidelines for the application of therapeutic drug monitoring of efavirenz in HBV\/HCV co\u2010infected patients have not been established.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>WHAT THIS STUDY ADDS<\/jats:bold><\/jats:p><jats:p>\u2022\u2002The present study has shown that HBV\/HCV infection in itself does not predispose to higher efavirenz plasma concentrations. In the absence of hepatic failure, the risk of efavirenz concentration\u2010dependent toxicity is not increased.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\u2022\u2002Thus, therapeutic drug monitoring indications in co\u2010infected patients with hepatic function within the normal range should be the same as in HIV\u20101 mono\u2010infected patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>AIMS<\/jats:title><jats:p>Data on efavirenz in HIV\/viral hepatitis co\u2010infected patients is non\u2010consensual, probably due to liver function heterogeneity in the patients included.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title><jats:p>A case control study was performed on 27 HIV\u2010infected patients, with controlled and homogenous markers of hepatic function, either mono\u2010infected or co\u2010infected with HBV\/HCV, to ascertain the influence of viral hepatitis on efavirenz concentrations over a 2\u2010year follow\u2010up period.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title><jats:p>No differences were found in efavirenz concentrations between groups both during and at the end of the follow\u2010up period: control (2.43\u2003\u00b1\u20031.91\u2003mg\u2003l<jats:sup>\u20131<\/jats:sup>)<jats:italic>vs.<\/jats:italic>co\u2010infected individuals (2.37\u2003\u00b1\u20030.37\u2003mg\u2003l<jats:sup>\u20131<\/jats:sup>).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>CONCLUSION<\/jats:title><jats:p>It was concluded that HBV\/HCV infections in themselves do not predispose to an overexposure to efavirenz.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2125.2008.03238.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,6,10]],"date-time":"2008-06-10T06:07:18Z","timestamp":1213078038000},"page":"551-555","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Efavirenz concentrations in HIV\u2010infected patients with and without viral hepatitis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"66","author":[{"given":"Sofia A.","family":"Pereira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Umbelina","family":"Caixas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Teresa","family":"Branco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Isabel","family":"Germano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"F\u00e1tima","family":"Lampreia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ana L.","family":"Papoila","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Em\u00edlia C.","family":"Monteiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,9,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.20110"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004836-200111000-00005"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/520144"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/318501"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1045","DOI":"10.1016\/S0090-9556(24)15024-6","article-title":"Liquid chromatography\/mass spectrometry and high\u2010field nuclear magnetic resonance characterization of novel mixed diconjugates of the non\u2010nucleoside human immunodeficiency virus\u20101 reverse transcriptase inhibitor, efavirenz","volume":"27","author":"Mutlib AE","year":"1999","journal-title":"Drug Metab Dispos"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-200101050-00011"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00126334-200112010-00015"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/497835"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkl524"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/313629"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2005.05.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/135965350501000404"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/jhep.2002.30319"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1310\/N4VT-3E9U-4BKN-CRPW"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1258\/09564620360719840"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/429327"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_2","unstructured":"GibbonsS TaylorC WaldronS BackDJ WeberJ KhooSH.Therapeutic drug monitoring of NNRTIs in patients with hepatic dysfunction. 6th International Congress on Drug Therapy in HIV Infection Glasgow 2002; 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