{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T18:34:45Z","timestamp":1791570885552,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,4,7]],"date-time":"2008-04-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1207526400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":6155,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Computer Assisted Learning"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1991,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Abstract<\/jats:bold>\n                    The difficulties of learning science are related to the nature of science itself and to the methods by which science is customarily taught without regard to what is known about children's learning. An information processing model is proposed to guide thinking and research in this area.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2729.1991.tb00230.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,4,7]],"date-time":"2008-04-07T06:52:47Z","timestamp":1207551167000},"page":"75-83","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":870,"title":["Why is science difficult to learn? Things are seldom what they seem"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"A. H.","family":"Johnstone","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,4,7]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","first-page":"10","article-title":"The meaning of words and the teaching of chemistry","volume":"20","author":"Cassels J. R. T.","year":"1983","journal-title":"Education in Chemistry"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","volume-title":"Words that matter in Science","author":"Cassels J. R. T.","year":"1985"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","volume-title":"Children's Ideas in Science","author":"Driver R.","year":"1985"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","volume-title":"Basic Cognitive Processes","author":"Greene J.","year":"1984"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3102\/00346543052002201"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03057267408559806"},{"issue":"227","key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","first-page":"377","article-title":"Macro and micro chemistry","volume":"64","author":"Johnstone A. H.","year":"1982","journal-title":"School Science Review"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","first-page":"71","article-title":"The demands of practical work","volume":"19","author":"Johnstone A. H.","year":"1982","journal-title":"Education in Chemistry"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","first-page":"190","article-title":"Is practical work practicable?","volume":"18","author":"Johnstone A. H.","year":"1988","journal-title":"Journal of College Science Teaching"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","volume-title":"Standard Grade Science","author":"Scottish Certificate of Education","year":"1987"}],"container-title":["Journal of Computer Assisted Learning"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fj.1365-2729.1991.tb00230.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/j.1365-2729.1991.tb00230.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,22]],"date-time":"2023-10-22T19:27:42Z","timestamp":1698002862000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/j.1365-2729.1991.tb00230.x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1991,6]]},"references-count":10,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1991,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/j.1365-2729.1991.tb00230.x"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-2729.1991.tb00230.x","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0266-4909","1365-2729"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0266-4909","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-2729","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1991,6]]}}}