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Upper Pliocene outer\u2010ramp deposits are overlain unconformably by Pleistocene and Holocene reef\u2010rimmed platforms devoid of lowstand siliciclastics. Tectonism controlled the location of the oldest Pleistocene platform margin and coralgal barrier reef, and periodically affected deposition in the Holocene. A shallow, flat\u2010topped, mostly aggradational platform was maintained in the Holocene by alternating periods of highstand barrier\u2010reef growth and lowstand karstification, differential subsidence, and the low magnitude of accommodation space increases during highstands. Facies in Pleistocene rocks to the lee of the barrier reef include: (i) outer\u2010shelf coralgal sands with scattered coral patch reefs; (ii) a shoal\u2013water transition zone comprising nearshore skeletal and oolitic sands amidst scattered islands and tidal flats; and (iii) micritic inner\u2010shelf deposits. Four glacio\u2010eustatically forced sequences are recognized in the Pleistocene section, and component subtidal cycles probably include forced cycles and autocycles. Excluding oolites, Holocene facies are similar to those in the Pleistocene and include mud\u2010mounds, foraminiferal sand shoals in the inner shelf, and within the interiors of Ambergris and surrounding cayes, mangrove swamps, shallow lagoons, and tidal and sea\u2010marginal flats. Meteoric diagenesis of Pliocene and Pleistocene rocks is indicated by variable degrees of mineralogic stabilization, generally depleted whole\u2010rock <jats:italic>\u03b4<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>O and <jats:italic>\u03b4<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>13<\/jats:sup>C values, and meniscus and whisker\u2010crystal cements. Differences in the mineralogy and geochemistry of the Pliocene and Pleistocene rocks are attributed to variable extent of meteoric alteration. Dolomitization in the Pliocene carbonates may have begun syndepositionally and continued into the marine shallow\u2010burial environment. Positive dolomite <jats:italic>\u03b4<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>O and <jats:italic>\u03b4<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>13<\/jats:sup>C values suggest precipitation from circulating, near\u2010normal marine fluids that probably were modified somewhat by methanogenesis. Sedimentologic and diagenetic attributes of the Pliocene\u2013Pleistocene rocks in the study area are similar to those in the Bahamas with which they share a common history of sea\u2010level fluctuations and climate change.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3091.2006.00800.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,9,22]],"date-time":"2010-09-22T11:50:41Z","timestamp":1285156241000},"page":"1015-1047","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Late Pliocene to Holocene platform evolution in northern Belize, and comparison with coeval deposits in southern Belize and the Bahamas"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"53","author":[{"given":"S.J.","family":"MAZZULLO","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,8,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0025-3227(99)00117-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0025-3227(99)00118-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","first-page":"1634","article-title":"Facies succession of Pliocene\u2010Pleistocene carbonates, northwestern Great Bahama Bank","volume":"64","author":"Beach D.K.","year":"1980","journal-title":"AAPG Bull."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","unstructured":"Birdwell B.W.(1992)The Distribution Mineralogy Geochemistry and Petrography of Recent Dolomite San Pedro Savannah Ambergris Cay Belize.MS thesis Wichita State University Wichita KS 134pp."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1747-5457.1980.tb01003.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","first-page":"155","volume-title":"Plankton Stratigraphy","author":"Bolli H.M.","year":"1985"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","first-page":"272","article-title":"Carbonate\u2010Siliciclastic Mixtures","volume":"14","author":"Budd D.A.","year":"1990","journal-title":"SEPM Reprint Ser."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","first-page":"509","volume-title":"The Atlantic Barrier Reef Ecosystem at Carrie Bow Cay, Belize, I \u2010 Structure and Communities","author":"Burke R.B.","year":"1982"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3514801"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03175432"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1130\/MEM162-p1"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","first-page":"635","article-title":"Quaternary reef foundations in the southernmost Belize shelf, British Honduras","volume":"1","author":"Choi D.R.","year":"1981","journal-title":"Proc. 4th Int. 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