{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T08:42:39Z","timestamp":1780389759353,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,1,10]],"date-time":"2005-01-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1105315200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":9,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Zoologica Scripta"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> <jats:italic>Halkieria evangelista<\/jats:italic> was originally interpreted as a stem\u2010group brachiopod. It was later proposed that the brachiopods evolved from a halkieriid ancestor that curved ventrally, lost the foot and radula, developed a lophophore as a new feeding organ, and modified the sclerites to chaetae. Molluscan affinities have been discussed by a number of authors. We have studied some of the original material of <jats:italic>Halkieria<\/jats:italic> and found that all the characters that can be observed with certainty are compatible with characters in living molluscs. The combination of characters observed in <jats:italic>Halkieria<\/jats:italic> does not fit with any of the living classes of molluscs, so we propose placing it in a new class, Diplacophora. Living polyplacophorans have hairs secreted by a number of epithelial cells and containing nerve cells; they are clearly not homologous with annelid chaetae. Thus, there is no support for theories that regard <jats:italic>Halkieria<\/jats:italic> as belonging to the stem group of either the annelids or brachiopods.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-6409.2005.00177.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,1,10]],"date-time":"2005-01-10T10:43:34Z","timestamp":1105353814000},"page":"81-89","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":93,"title":["The Early Cambrian <i>Halkieria<\/i> is a mollusc"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Jakob","family":"Vinther","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claus","family":"Nielsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,1,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","first-page":"237","article-title":"On the ultrastructure of the cuticle, the epidermis and the gills of Sternaspis scutata (Annelida)","volume":"7","author":"Bartolomaeus T.","year":"1992","journal-title":"Microfauna Marina"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/11035898509452621"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1502-3931.1992.tb01644.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1502-3931.1984.tb02022.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Early Cambrian fossils from South Australia","volume":"9","author":"Bengtson S.","year":"1990","journal-title":"Memoirs of the Association of Australasian Palaeontology"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","unstructured":"Bengtson S.&Missarzhevsky V. 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