{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T11:06:27Z","timestamp":1790679987294,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,7,1]],"date-time":"2008-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1214870400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Perspect Psychol Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>A meta-analysis of data from eight of Mil-gram's obedience experiments reveals previously undocumented systematicity in the behavior of disobedient participants. In all studies, disobedience was most likely at 150 v, the point at which the shocked \u201clearner\u201d first requested to be released. Further illustrating the importance of the 150-v point, obedience rates across studies covaried with rates of disobedience at 150 v, but not at any other point; as obedience decreased, disobedience at 150 v increased. In contrast, disobedience was not associated with the learner's escalating expressions of pain. This analysis identifies a critical decision point in the obedience paradigm and suggests that disobedient participants perceived the learner's right to terminate the experiment as overriding the experimenter's orders, a finding with potential implications for the treatment of prisoners.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1745-6924.2008.00080.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,7,9]],"date-time":"2008-07-09T03:37:59Z","timestamp":1215574679000},"page":"301-304","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":68,"title":["Identifying Systematic Disobedience in Milgram's Obedience Experiments: A Meta-Analytic Review"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"Dominic J.","family":"Packer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Ohio State University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,7,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-j.1745-6924.2008.00080.x","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.60.3.398"},{"key":"bibr2-j.1745-6924.2008.00080.x","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1559-1816.1996.tb00084.x"},{"key":"bibr3-j.1745-6924.2008.00080.x","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1559-1816.1999.tb00134.x"},{"key":"bibr4-j.1745-6924.2008.00080.x","volume-title":"The Church Report: Unclassified executive summary","author":"Church A.T.","year":"2005"},{"key":"bibr5-j.1745-6924.2008.00080.x","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/9781503620766"},{"key":"bibr6-j.1745-6924.2008.00080.x","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1103788"},{"key":"bibr7-j.1745-6924.2008.00080.x","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/h0023552"},{"key":"bibr8-j.1745-6924.2008.00080.x","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/014616728174028"},{"key":"bibr9-j.1745-6924.2008.00080.x","unstructured":"Hersh S.M. 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(2007, June 03). Soviet-style \u201ctorture\u201d becomes \u201cinterrogation.\u201d\n                      The New York Times\n                      (Electronic version). Retrieved June 4, 2007, from http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2007\/06\/03\/weekinreview\/03shane.html"},{"key":"bibr21-j.1745-6924.2008.00080.x","unstructured":"White House.\n(2003, February 07).\n                      Status of detainees at Guantanamo\n                      . 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