{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,12]],"date-time":"2025-05-12T20:04:10Z","timestamp":1747080250716,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,22]],"date-time":"2014-04-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1398124800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BU-2450\/2-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BU-2450\/2-1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Applied Philosophy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this article, we defend a normative theory of prenatal equality of opportunity, based on a critical revision of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">R<\/jats:styled-content>awls's principle of fair equality of opportunity (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FEO<\/jats:styled-content>). We argue that if natural endowments are defined as biological properties possessed at birth and the distribution of natural endowments is seen as beyond the scope of justice, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">R<\/jats:styled-content>awls's <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FEO<\/jats:styled-content> allows for inequalities that undermine the social conditions of a property\u2010owning democracy. We show this by considering the foetal programming of disease and the possibility of germ\u2010line modifications. If children of lower socioeconomic background are more likely to develop in a poor foetal environment and germ\u2010line enhancements are available only to the rich, initial inequalities between the rich and the poor would grow, and yet <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FEO<\/jats:styled-content> would be satisfied. In order to avoid the problem, we propose a revised <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FEO<\/jats:styled-content> principle omitting any reference to the comparison of natural endowments. Our revised <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FEO<\/jats:styled-content> requires that institutions mitigate social class effect from reproduction and gestation to the greatest extent compatible with parental freedoms and the value of the family.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/japp.12067","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,23]],"date-time":"2014-04-23T02:02:40Z","timestamp":1398218560000},"page":"35-49","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Prenatal Equality of Opportunity"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Eszter","family":"Kollar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Normative Orders Cluster of Excellence Goethe University Frankfurt  Gr\u00fcneburgplatz 1 60323 Frankfurt am Main Germany"}]},{"given":"Michele","family":"Loi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Letras e Ci\u00eancias Humanas Universidade do Minho  Campus de Gualtar 4710\u2010057 Braga Portugal"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,22]]},"container-title":["Journal of Applied Philosophy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fjapp.12067","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fjapp.12067","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/japp.12067","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,1]],"date-time":"2023-10-01T10:24:57Z","timestamp":1696155897000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/japp.12067"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,22]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/japp.12067"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/japp.12067","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0264-3758","1468-5930"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0264-3758"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1468-5930"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,22]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2014-04-22","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}